Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

 
attention.
 
 
B. 
Wimmer and Perner devised a ‘false belief task’ to address this question. They
 
used some toys to 
act out the following story. Maxi left some chocolate in a
 
blue cupboard before he went out. When he was 
away his mother moved the
 
chocolate to a green cupboard. Children were asked to predict where Maxi
 
will look for his chocolate when he returns. Most children under four years gave the incorrect answer, that 
Maxi will look in the green cupboard. Those over four years tended to give the correct answer, that Maxi 
will look in the blue cupboard. The incorrect answers indicated that the younger children did not understand 
that Maxi’s beliefs and representations no longer matched the actual state of the world, and they failed to 
appreciate that Maxi will act on the basis of his beliefs rather than the way that the world is actually 
organised. 
 
C. 
A simpler version of the Maxi task was devised by Baron-Cohen to take account
 
of criticisms that 
younger children may have been affected by the complexity
 
and too much information of the story in the 
task described above. For
 
example, the child is shown two dolls, Sally and Anne, who have a basket and a
 
box respectively. Sally also has a marble, which she places in her basket and then leaves to take a walk. 
While she is out of the room, Anne takes the marble from the basket, eventually putting it in the box. Sally 
returns and child is then asked where Sally will look for the marble. The child passes the task if she answers 
that Sally will look in the basket, where she put the marble; the child fails the task if she answers that Sally 
will look in the box where the child knows the marble is hidden even though Sally cannot know, since she 
did not see it hidden there. In order to pass the task, the child must be able to understand that another’s 
mental representation of the situation is different from their own, and the child must be able to predict 
behavior based on that understanding. The results of research using false-belief tasks have been fairly 
consistent: most normally-developing children are unable to pass the tasks until around age four.