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regions of Africa and the Americas, generating a fresh round of travel writing as they did so. Meanwhile,
European colonial administrators devoted numerous writings to the societies of their colonial subjects,
particularly in Asian and African colonies they established. By mid-century, attention was flowing also in
the other direction. Painfully aware of the military and technological prowess of European and Euro-
American societies, Asian travellers in particular visited Europe and the United States in hopes of
discovering principles useful for the organisation of their own societies. Among the most prominent of these
travellers who made extensive use of their overseas observations and experiences in their own writings were
the Japanese reformer Fukuzawa Yukichi and the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen.
With the development of inexpensive and reliable means of mass transport, the 20th century
witnessed explosions both in the frequency of long-distance travel and in the volume of travel writing.
While a great deal of travel took place for reasons of business, administration, diplomacy, pilgrimage, and
missionary work, as in ages past, increasingly effective modes of mass transport made it possible for new
kinds of travel to flourish. The most distinctive of them was mass tourism, which emerged as a major form
of consumption for individuals living in the world’s wealthy societies. Tourism enabled consumers to get
away from home to see the sights in Rome, take a cruise through the Caribbean, walk the Great Wall of
China, visit some wineries in Bordeaux, or go on safari in Kenya. A peculiar variant of the travel account
arose to meet the needs of these tourists: the guidebook, which offered advice on food, lodging, shopping,
local customs, and all the sights that visitors should not miss seeing. Tourism has had a massive economic
impact throughout the world, but other new forms of travel have also had considerable influence in
contemporary times.
