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E.
The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility, which 
is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset of the disease usually occurs in young adults 
between the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed 
in young children and in elderly people. 
 
F.
Hereditary factors have been seen to have some relevance. Studies of identical twins have shown 
that if one twin has the disease, then it is likely that the other twin will develop it. In addition, it is important 
to realise that close relatives of patients have a higher chance of developing the disease than people without 
a relative who has MS. 
 
G.
Where people live can be seen to have a clear effect, as MS does not occur as frequently in every 
country. It commonly affects Caucasian people, particularly in North America, Europe and Australia. It has 
been recognised that MS is more common the further the country is away from the equator, and the 
incidence of MS is generally much higher in northern countries with temperate climates than in warmer 
southern countries. 
 
H.
Three things, which do not normally occur in healthy people, happen to people who have MS. 
First, tiny patches of inflammation occur in the brain or spinal chord. Second, the protective coating around 
the axons, or nerve fibres, in the body starts to deteriorate. Third, the axons themselves become damaged or 
destroyed. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms in the patient, depending on where the affected axons 
are located. 
 
I.
A common symptom of MS is blurred vision, caused by inflammation of the optic nerve. Another 
sign is loss of muscle tone in arms and legs; this is when control of muscle movement, or strength in the 
arms or legs, can be lost. Sense of touch can be lost, so that the body is unable to feel heat or cold, or the 

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