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through its phases, say, full moon to full moon -and calendar years. The gears had to be
cut precisely to reflect this complex relationship; 19 calendar years equal 235 lunar
months.
G By turning the gear mechanism, which included what Edmunds called a beautiful
system of epicyclic gears that factored in the elliptical orbit of the moon, a person could
check what the sky would have looked like on a date in the past, or how it would appear
in the future. The mechanism was encased in a box with doors in front and back covered
with inscriptions -- a sort of instruction manual. Inside the front door were pointers
indicating the date and the position of the sun, moon and zodiac, while opening the back
door revealed the relationship between calendar years and lunar months, and a
mechanism to predict eclipses.
H "If they needed to know when eclipses would occur, and this related to the rising and
setting of stars and related them to dates and religious experiences, the mechanism
would directly help
,
" said Yanis Bitsakis, a physicist at the University of Athens who co-
wrote the Nature paper. "It is a mechanical computer. You turn the handle and you have
a date on the front.” Building it would have been expensive and required the interaction
of astronomer, engineers, intellectuals and craftspeople. Charette said the device
overturned conventional ideas that the ancient Greeks were primarily ivory tower thinkers
who did not deign to muddy their hands with technical stuff. It is a reminder, he said, that
while the study of history often focuses on written texts, they can tell us only a fraction of
what went on at a particular time.
I Imagine a future historian encountering philosophy texts written in our time ~ and an
aircraft engine. The books would tell that researcher what a few scholars were thinking
today, but the engine would give them a far better window into how technology influenced
our everyday lives. Charette said it was unlikely that the device was used by practitioners
of astrology, then still in its infancy. More likely, he said, it was bound for a mantelpiece
in some rich Roman’s home. Given that astronomers of the time already knew how to
calculate the positions of the sun and the moon and to predict eclipses without the device,