«individual loyiha» Bajaruvchi: Isoqulov j tekshiruvchi: Jumaboyev t samarqand-2023


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Isoqulov J

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Jadval 1

Belgilar

Paydo bo‘lish chastotasi

YOrdamchi jadval

Kodi

C

3

8 (1)
6 (1)
6 (1)

8 (1)




11

B

8

6 (0)
6 (0)

5 (1)

101

E

2

3 (0)

100

F

6

5 (0)
4 (0)
3 (0)
2 (0)



5 (1)

3 (1)

011

G

4

4 (1)

2 (0)

010

D

6

3 (0)
2 (0)



2 (1)

001

A

5

2 (0)



001



Hozirgi kunda eng keng tarqalgan, laboratoriyaotda ko‘p ishlatiladigan entropiyali kodlash usuliga asoslangan yo‘qotishsiz siqish algoritmlaridan biri bu –xaffman algoritmi hisoblanadi. xaffman algoritmi asosida matnli axborotlar siqiladi.


  1. Axborotdagi barcha belgilar soni, ya’ni N ni hisoblanadi.

  2. Jami N ta belgidan iborat bo‘lgan axborotdagi har bir belgining paydo bo‘lish chastotasi hisoblanadi.

  3. Har bir belgining paydo bo‘lish chastotasini kamayib borish tartibida jadvalga joylashtiriladi.

  4. Jadvaldagi oxirgi ikkita chastota yigindisi hisoblanib, bitta umumiy bo‘lgan yig‘indi chastotaga birlashtiriladi.

  5. Hisoblangan yangi yig‘indi chastotadan va hisoblashda qatnashmagan boshqa chastotalardan jadvalning yangi ustuni hosil qilinadi (bunda ham chastotalar kamayib borish tartibida joylashtiriladi).

  6. Shu tarzda to bitta umumiy N ga teng bulgan yigindi hosil bo‘lguncha jarayon davom etaveradi.

  7. Jadval to‘ldirilgandan so‘ng, jadvaldagi hisoblashlarga muvofiq daraxt quriladi.

  8. Daraxtning tepa qismida N joylashgan bo‘ladi va uni teng ikkiga bo‘lish kerak, hosil bo‘lgan natijalarni yana teng ikkiga bo‘lish kerak. Shu tarzda axborotdagi har bir belgini paydo bo‘lish chastotasi topilguncha bo‘lishni davom ettirish kerak.

Quyidagi ko‘rinishda axborot berilgan CBCBCBEBBBFGDFGDFGGBBDDAAAADDEFFFA
Ushbu algoritm bo‘yicha hisoblash natijalari jadval 2jadvalda keltirilgan.
Xaffmen algoritmi bo‘yicha hisoblash natijalari.
Jadval 2.

Belgilar

Paydo bo‘lish chastotasi

Yordamchi jadval

B

8

8

9

11

14

20

34

D

6

6

8

9

11

14




F

6

6

6

8

9







A

5

5

6

6










G

4

5

5













C

3

4
















E

2






















0


belgilar

B

D

F

A

G

C

E

kodi

01

00

111

110

100

1011

1010

2-TOPSHIRIQ. CISCO PACKET TRACER SIMULYATORIDAN FOYDALANIB VLAN KONFIGURATSIYASINI SOZLASH
1. Ishdan maqsad
Bu amaliy ishda:
- virtual lokal tarmoqlarning ishlashi bilan tanishish;
- virtual lokal tarmoqlarni tashkil etish prinsiplarini o‘rganish uchun mo‘ljallangan.
2. Qisqacha nazariy ma’lumotlar.
Virtual lokal tarmoq (Virtual LAN, VLAN) deb kanal darajasidagi trafigi (shu jumladan, keng tarqatishli) tarmoqning boshqa tugunlari trafigidan ajratilgan tarmoq tugunlari guruhiga aytiladi.
Demak, turli VLANlar orasida kadrlarni uzatilishi mumkin emas. SHu bilan bir vaqtda VLANning ichida kadrlar kommutatsiyalash texnologiyasi bo‘yicha, ya’ni kadrning yuborilishi manzili bilan bog‘langan portga uzatiladi.
VLANning asosiy vazifasi keyin marshrtizatorlar orqali ulanadigan ajratilgan tarmoqlarni yaratish jarayonini engillashtirishdan iborat. Tarmoqning bunday qurilishi tarmoqda keraksiz trafikni tarqalishini cheklashga imkon beradi.
Oxirgi qurilmalarning VLANga tegishliligi ikkita statik va dinamik usullar orqali aniqlanishi mumkin. Bu usullar kommutator o‘z tarmoq interfeysini ma’lum VLAN bilan qanday bog‘lashiga javob beradi.
Statik usulda kommutator interfeysini ma’lum VLANga tegishliligini qo‘lda ko‘rsatish zarur. Bu holda u yoki bu VLANga tegishlilik ulanish porti (port-based VLAN) bo‘yicha aniqlanadi.
Dinamik VLAN usulida kommutator o‘z tarmoq interfeysini ma’lum VLANga tegishliligini oxirgi qurilmadan MAC-manzil (MAC-based VLAN), IP-manzil (protocol-based VLAN) va boshqalar kabi ma’lumotlardan foydalanish orqali o‘zi aniqlaydi. VLANlarni o‘zaro farqlash uchun VLAN – VLAN_ID noyob nomerlar ishlatiladi, ular 1 dan 4095 gacha qiymatlarni qabul qilishi mumkin. Lekin 1 ga teng VLAN_ID zahiralangan hisoblanadi. kommutatorning barcha portlar dastlabki holatda yashirish bo‘yicha bu VLANga kiradi. VLANdagi portlar ikki turlardagi ulanish portlari (access) va trank portlarga (trunk) ajratiladi.
Ulanish portlari faqat standart Ethernet-kadrlarni qabul qila oladi va faqat bitta ma’lum VLANga tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bunday portlar oxirgi qurilmalarni ulanishi uchun mo‘ljallangan.
Trank portlar boshqa kommutatorlarga ulanish uchun mo‘ljallangan va ir necha VLANlarga tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bu portlar orqali sarlavhasida VLAN haqidagi ma’lumotlar bo‘lgan modifikatsiyalangan Ethernet-kadrlar uzatiladi.


48

PC-22, PC-19, PC-21, PC-24, PC-16, PC-03

PC-23, PC-11, PC-13, PC-00, PC-02, PC-12, PC-14

PC-25, PC-09, PC-05, PC-08, PC-01, PC-10, PC-18

PC-06, PC-07, PC-15, PC-17, PC-20, PC-04









Foydalanilgan kodlar

  • Switch>enable

  • Switch#configure terminal

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#vlan 10

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#vlan 20

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Switch(config)#

  • Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/4

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

  • Switch(config)#vlan 10

  • Switch(config-vlan)#name qizil

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#vlan 20

  • Switch(config-vlan)#name sariq

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#vlan 30

  • Switch(config-vlan)#name yashil

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#vlan 40

  • Switch(config-vlan)#name ko'k

  • Switch(config-vlan)#exit

  • Switch(config)#end

  • Switch#

  • %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console







  • VLAN Name Status Ports

  • ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

  • 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

  • Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

  • Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

  • Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

  • Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

  • Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

  • Gig0/1, Gig0/2

  • 10 qizil active

  • 20 sariq active

  • 30 yashil active

  • 40 ko'k active

  • 1002 fddi-default active

  • 1003 token-ring-default active

  • 1004 fddinet-default active

  • 1005 trnet-default active

  • Switch#

  • Switch#

  • Switch#conf t

  • Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

  • Switch(config)#in

  • Switch(config)#interface fa0/1

  • Switch(config-if)#sw

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mo

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode a

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#sw

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport a

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/2

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/3

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/4

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/5

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/6

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/7

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/8

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Switch(config)#exit

  • Switch#

  • %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console




  • Switch#show vlan brief




  • VLAN Name Status Ports

  • ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

  • 1 default active Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

  • Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16

  • Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20

  • Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24

  • Gig0/1, Gig0/2

  • 10 qizil active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

  • Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

  • 20 sariq active

  • 30 yashil active

  • 40 ko'k active

  • 1002 fddi-default active

  • 1003 token-ring-default active

  • 1004 fddinet-default active

  • 1005 trnet-default active

  • Switch#

  • Switch#

  • Switch#conf t

  • Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

  • Switch(config)#interface fa0/9

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/10

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/11

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/12

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/13

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/14

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/15

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

  • Switch(config-if)#

  • Switch(config-if)#exit

  • Switch(config)#exit

  • Switch#

  • %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console




  • Switch#show vlan brief




  • VLAN Name Status Ports

  • ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

  • 1 default active Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

  • Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

  • Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2

  • 10 qizil active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

  • Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8

  • 20 sariq active Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

  • Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

  • 30 yashil active

  • 40 ko'k active

  • 1002 fddi-default active

  • 1003 token-ring-default active

  • 1004 fddinet-default active

  • 1005 trnet-default active

  • Switch#

  • Switch#exit


  • Switch con0 is now available


  • Press RETURN to get started.


  • Switch>

  • Switch>enable

  • Switch#conf t

  • Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

  • Switch(config)#i

  • Switch(config)#in

  • Switch(config)#interface fa0/1

  • Switch(config-if)#sw

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport m

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode tr

  • Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk




  • Switch(config-if)#

  • %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down




  • %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up




  • Switch(config-if)#

  • Switch#

  • %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console




  • Switch#

  • Switch#

  • Switch#


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