Witzel (1989) quoted a passage of the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra (BSS 18.44) as a "direct statement" of Indo-Aryan immigration. R.S. Sharma argued that this passage contains "the most explicit statement of immigration into the subcontinent". However, Witzel's translation of this passage was later criticized by Koenraad Elst, who wrote: "Far from attesting an eastward movement into India, this text actually speaks of a westward movement towards Central Asia, coupled with a symmetrical eastward movement from India's demographic centre around the Saraswati basin towards the Ganga basin. Other Indologists like Cardona, Willem Caland, C.G. Kashikar, D.S. Triveda, Toshifumi Goto and Hans Hock translated the passage like Elst. Since the BSS is a comparatively late text, its content is unsuitable as conclusive evidence regarding the hypothesis either way.
