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[hypernym] such as [hyponym]
such [hypernym] as [hyponym]
[hyponym] or other [hypernym]
[hyponym] and other [hypernym]
[hypernym] including [hyponym]
[hypernym] especially [hyponym]
Table 2.1. Patterns for instance-class relation.
data can be assumed to be correct. Extracted statements can be erroneous for two
reasons. On the one hand because the context influences the semantics of the
in-
stance - pattern - instance phrase. For example, consider the sentence Some people
think that Sydney is the capital of Australia, where the context suggests that the
triple
Sydney - is the capital of - Australia is not a true fact. On the other hand, the
information provided can simply be false.
As a consequence of the redundancy of information on the web, we assume
that a
instance - pattern - instance phrase will most often express the corresponding
relation in the ontology. However, as we ignore the context of the subject - pattern
- object phrase, erroneous or misinterpreted data can be extracted. For example,
suppose we would extract
Canberra to be Australia’s capital from 30 documents
on the web, while
Sydney, Wellington and Canbera are identified only a couple of
times as such. Based on these figures, we filter out the erroneously extracted data.
Sketch of Algorithm. Given is an initial ontology describing the domain of in-
terest. For each relation
r ∈ R in the ontology we assume given a non-empty set
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