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6. Conclusion
This research provided an overview of Brown 
and Levinson's politeness theory (1987) discussing 
any flaws or strengths of this theory. It was also 
designed to debate the universality of politeness 
theory for all cultures with or against it. Firstly, this 
lack of universality and the extension by Brown and 
Levinson's (1987) principle of courtesy to all cultures. 
It is clear from the many critiques aimed at Brown 
and Levinson (1987) because of their claims to be 
universal in their ideas and their west-oriented biases 
and listeners, and focus on "Western individual 
orientation." Secondly, this paper also shows that this 
paper suggests that the definition extends to all 
communicative politeness in East and West languages 
and can explain it. As described above, in most, if not 
all, languages and cultures, the theory seems 
reasonable and efficient. It encompasses most of the 
common variants that influence policy choice and has 
different aspects that are acceptable for most kinds of 
debate and circumstances. Therefore, directed at the 
speaker and audience. 
Previous studies have shown that politeness 
strategies can not only be applied in oral 
communication but also written communication. 
Many of these studies are based on Brown and 
Levinson's (1978, 1987) theory to determine the 
nature 
of 
politeness 
phenomena 
in 
written 
communication. A theory was developed by Brown 
and Levinson (1978) to explain the nature of the 
phenomenon of politeness depending on spoken 
discourse. The central concept of the theory is an 
arrangement of politeness along a line from the least 
polite to the most polite. 
References 
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(1987). 
Politeness: 
Some 
universals 
in 
language usage
(Vol. 4). Cambridge university
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