Figure 4 Septum
Figure 4A: Internal jugular septum: 1. Arrows point to a subtle "jet" of contrast at the confluens. This stenosis was missed by the first angiographer. 2. Axial IVUS shows the septum extending down to the innominate vein confluens (arrows). 3. Longitudinal IVUS reveals the septum dividing the lumen (arrowheads). 4. Angioplasty reveals the area of stenosis. High pressures were required to relieve this stenosis.
Figure 4B: Occult Azygous septum: 1.Venography was interpreted as being normal, even in retrospect. Arrow points to the area of abnormality seen on IVUS. 2. Axial IVUS shows intraluminal echogenic tissue (arrows). 3. Longitudinal IVUS clearly demonstrates the intraluminal tissue.
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