Introduction 4 chapter I. The age of modernism

1.2. Archibald Joseph Kronin is his life and literary activity.

Archibald Joseph Cronin (July 19, 1896 - January 6, 1981) was a Scottish physician and writer. His most famous novel, The Fortress (1937), tells the story of a Scottish doctor living in a Welsh mining village who soon rose to prominence in London. Kronin managed the venue as a Mines medical inspector and later as a Harley Street doctor. The book is still moving forward. helped to inspire controversial ideas about medical ethics and the National Health Service. Kronin’s other famous mountain novel, Northeast England, is “Stars Look Down”. Both have been adapted as films such as “Hat Tower”, “Keys to the Kingdom” and “Green Years”. Kronin’s novel The Village Doctor has been adapted as the BBC radio and TV series “Doctor Finley’s Casebook”, which has been revived for many years.

AJ Kronin, full name Archibald Joseph Kronin (born July 19, 1896, Cardross, Dumbartonshire, Scotland - Died January 6, 1981Montreux , Switzerland), a Scottish writer and physician, whose work combines realism with social.criticismwon a large Anglo-American readership.
University of Glasgow and worked as a surgeonRoyal NavyduringThe First World War. He practiced in South Wales (1921–24) and later studied occupational diseases in the coal industry as a mine medical inspector. He opened itmedical practiceinLondonIn 1926, however, he resigned due to ill health and wrote his first novel , The Fortress of the Hat ( 1931; photographed in 1941), which tells the story of the possibility of a noble birth of a Scottish hatter. This book was an immediate successUnited Kingdom .
Kronin's fourth novel, Stars Look Down (1935; photographed in 1939), tells the story of various social injustices in the North.EnglandbaitsocietyFrom 1903 to 1933 he had an international readership. Then came the film The Citadel (filmed in 1937, 1938), which showed how the greed of private physicians could ruin good medical practice. The Keys of the Kingdom (1942; photographed in 1944) was one of his most famous books on the Roman Catholic missionary in China. Kronin's later novels included The Green Years (1944; filmed in 1946), The Way of Shannon (1948), The Tree of Judah (1961), and The Song of Penny (1964). One of his most interesting subsequent works is The Beauty Thing (1956), a search for a talented young artist who must give up middle-class conventions in order to realize his potential.
Kronin’s strengths lie in her ability and ability to tell storiesbitterobservation and graphical description. Despite being recognized as a successful mid-level writer, he managed to create a classic piece of 20th century English fiction by looking at the Stars. There are many medical writers whose works have been preserved by the film industry. Among them are Friedrich von Schiller and his William Tell; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle with the epics "Sherlock Holmes," "The Lost World," and "The Time Machine"; Anton Chekhov and execution, uncle¹
Vanya, Three Sisters, Seagull, Woman with Dog, etc .; Some of the events in Axel Munte and the 1962 film The Story of San Michel, filmed by the German film industry, include Somerset Maugham's The Edge of Usra, On Human Slavery, The Painted Curtain, The Letter, and more.
However, there was another doctor-writer who appealed a lot in the films: Archibald Joseph Kronin. This article discusses his works and the connections between them and their film and television adaptations.
Scottish writer and physician, born in Carross-on- Clyde (county).
Dunbartonshire) July 19, 1896. His only child was his mother, Jesse Montgomery, and his father, Patrick Cronin. Surprisingly, after the death of his Catholic father, Archibald was raised as a Catholic by his Protestant mother. While working at his uncle-sponsored Dumbarton Academy, he showed great potential as an athlete and writer, leading him to win prizes in these fields. Living in Glasgow, he attended a Jesuit school in San Luis Gonzaga and received a scholarship to study medicine at a local university because of his abilities. When World War I broke out, he stopped studying at university; he entered the Royal Navy and remained there until the end of the conflict, he re-entered medicine and in 1919 graduated from high school. In 1921, she married Agnes Mary Gibson (May), who was already a physician, whom she met as a student. Archibald and Agnes then settled in Tredegar, a small town in southern Wales, where, with the help of Cronin May, he studied anthracnose while working at the city's general hospital. His first son, Vincent, was born there, and Archibald was a medical inspector of British mines, both of which occurred in 1924. medicine for a dissertation on the history of aneurysms. Moving to Notting Hill (London) brought him an influx of patients, which significantly improved his economic situation. His other sons, Patrick and Andrew, were born in London in 1926 and 1937, respectively. In 1930, while on vacation in the mountains of Scotland, his life took a marked turn, as in just three months his first novel, The Fortress of the Hat, was a remarkable success; this took him away from medical practice and turned his interest entirely into literature. In the late 1930s and early stages of World War II, he traveled to the United States with his wife and three children. There he wrote The Keys of the Kingdom. Years later, as a full-fledged author, he returned to Europe to spend the last 25 years of his life in Switzerland, where he was often accompanied by Audrey Hepburn, Charles Chaplin and Lawrence Olivier. He died on January 6, 1981, in Montreux, Switzerland.
Known as an author and possessing a doctorate in the humanities, his work is formally embellished with pictorial and observational ability, mixing passions, medical situations, and social criticism. Among them is the hooded castle (1931), "Three Loves" (1932), "Canary" (1933), "Kaleidoscope in K." (1933), "Stars Look Down" (1935), "Village Doctor" (1935), "Castle "(1937) - Responsible for promoting changes in the UK's health care system after World War II -" Vigilance at Night "(1939)," Laughing at Jupiter "(three-part comedy, 1940)," Royal Keys (1941), Black Bag Adventures (revised 1943-1969), The Green Years (1944),
"Shennon's Way" (1948) - a continuation of the previous one, "The Spanish Gardener" (1950), "Brave Years" (1950), "Adventures in Two Worlds" (autobiographical, 1952), Beyond this place (1953), Tomb of the Crusaders (1956), Northern Lights (1958), The Crown's Omnibus (1958), The Hotelkeeper's Wife (1958), The Local Doctor (or Apple in Adana) (1959), The Tree of Judah (1961), The Penny Song (1964) and its sequels: A Pocket Full of Rye (1969), (1966), The Boy in Love (or Desmond ) (1975), Mrs. Carnations (1976), Grace Lindsey (1978), and Dr. Finley from Tannochbra (1964 ) ) 1978). ). In addition, from 1939 to 1966, he contributed nearly 25 periodicals to Reader's Digest.
1962 to 1971, like other televisions for Scottish television, radio series produced by Scottish Television and PBS appeared in the 1970s. Dr. Finley also adapted later, much closer over time: 2001 and 2002.¹
Kronin was born in 1896 in Cardross, Scotland. His father was Irish and Catholic, and his mother's family was Protestant. Kronin's father died when he was seven, forcing Kronin and his mother to move in with their parents. He excelled in academia and sports, and in 1919 received a Carnegie Endowment scholarship to study medicine at the University of Glasgow. He later worked as a general practitioner in South Wales before moving to London, where he opened a successful private practice. At the age of 30, he experienced a peptic ulcer crisis in his autobiography2 and sold his practice with plans to write a novel. He did so, and the resulting book The Fortress of the Cap was accepted by the first publisher (Victor Gollancz) who sent it, and instantly became a bestseller. He never returned to medical practice. The 30s were his most productive and successful years;
Guruch. 1 AJ Kronin (1897-1981) Stephen Conroy. Picture taken from West Dunbartonshire Council.
After the success of Hat Fortress, he wrote two more bestsellers: "The Stars Look Down" and "The Fortress." His novels were successfully filmed and Kronin became a wealthy man. He spent most of the postwar years in America and eventually settled permanently in Switzerland. Although he published several more novels until the early 1970s, he never repeated his success in the 1930s.