8/3/22, 1:50 PM
Is artificial intelligence a (job) killer?
https://theconversation.com/is-artificial-intelligence-a-job-killer-80473
3/5
Artificial intelligence consists of large collections of connected computational units called artificial
neurons, loosely analogous to the neurons in our brains. To train this network to “think”, scientists
provide it with many solved examples of a given problem.
Suppose we have a collection of medical-tissue images, each coupled with a diagnosis of cancer or no-
cancer. We would pass each image through the network, asking the connected “neurons” to compute
the probability of cancer.
We then compare the network’s responses with the correct answers, adjusting connections between
“neurons” with each failed match. We repeat the process, fine-tuning all along, until most responses
match the correct answers.
Eventually, this neural network will be ready to do what a pathologist normally does: examine images
of tissue to predict cancer.
This is not unlike how a child learns to play a musical instrument: she practices and repeats a tune
until perfection. The knowledge is stored in the neural network, but it is not easy to explain the
mechanics.
Networks with many layers of “neurons” (therefore the name “deep” neural networks) only became
practical when researchers started using many parallel processors on graphical chips for their
training.
Another condition for the success of deep learning is the large sets of solved examples. Mining the
internet, social networks and Wikipedia, researchers have created large collections of images and text,
enabling machines to classify images, recognise speech, and translate language.
Already, deep neural networks are performing these tasks nearly as well as humans.
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