Isten to the passage and answer questions 1 – 5

Read the passage and answer questions 16-25.

Do we want to live to be one hundred? A hundred and twenty years? Scientists are studying genes that could mean long life for us all. There are already many people who live more than a hundred. In fact, there are now so many healthy elderly people that there’s a name for them: the wellderly. These are people over the age of eighty who have no major illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes. There are many scientific studies of communities where a healthy old age is typical. These include places like Calabria in Southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan. Calabria, a small village of Molochio has a population of about 2,000. And of these 2,000 people, there are at least eight people over a hundred years old. Researchers ask such people the secret of their long life. The answer is almost always about food and is almost always the same: ‘I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables’; ‘I eat a little bit of everything’; ‘I never smoke, I don’t drink alcohol’.
In the past, scientists looked at things such as diet and lifestyle for an explanation of long life. But these days, they are also looking at genetic factors. Researchers say that there are probably genes that protect people from the effects of the ageing process. The new research about long life investigates groups of people who have a genetic connection. One interesting group lives in Ecuador. In one area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition. It’s called Laron syndrome. These people don’t grow very tall – just over one metre. But Laron syndrome also gives them immunity against cancer and diabetes. As a result, they live longer than other people in their families. On the other side of the world, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there’s another group of long-lived men. They are Japanese-Americans but they have a similar gene to the Laron syndrome group.
In Calabria, researchers constructed the family trees of the 100-year-old people. They looked at family information from the 19th century to today. They think that there are genetic factors that give health benefits to the men. This is interesting because generally, in Europe, women live longer than men. So what really makes people live longer? Probably, it’s a combination of genes, the environment, and one more thing – luck.

Choose the correct statements according to the passage.

1. The island of Okinawa in Japan is a place where healthy old people live in communities.
2. A combination of genes, the environment, and luck gives people a chance to live longer.
3. People with Laron syndrome suffer from cancer and diabetes.
4. Researchers in Calabria think that women live longer than men due to genetic factors.
5. There exist genes that protect people from the effects of getting older.
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. 1, 2, 5
b. 1, 2, 3
c. 3, 4, 5 
d. 2, 3, 5
e. 1, 3, 4
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Düzgün cavab: 1, 2, 5
Sual 17
Düzgün
1 - 1
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Question text
Which of the following questions does the passage answer?
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. How many people live on the island of Okinawa?
b. What are the main factors of living long? 
c. How do genes give immunity against cancer?
d. Why do some people have Laron syndrome?
e. Which methods help to cure Laron syndrome?
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Düzgün cavab: What are the main factors of living long?
Sual 18
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0 - 1
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Question text
The accumulation of changes in a human over time which encompasses physical, psychological and social changes is called … .
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. immunity against illnesses 
b. genetic factor
c. longevity
d. Laron syndrome
e. ageing process
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Düzgün cavab: ageing process
Sual 19
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0 - 1
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Question text
According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. People who eat a little bit of everything and never smoke have a chance to live longer.
b. People living in Calibria are born with the syndrome of having no immunity against illnesses.
c. Elderly people who have no major illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes are now called “wellderly”.
d. In old times, the explanation of long life involved eating habits and the way of life. 
e. People with the same genetic condition called Laron syndrome live in Ecuador.
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Düzgün cavab: People living in Calibria are born with the syndrome of having no immunity against illnesses.
Sual 20
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0 - 1
İşarə
Question text
Complete the sentence according to the passage.
It is clear from the passage that … .
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. another group of long-lived men live on the Hawaiian island of Oahu
b. the new research about long life investigates diseases of elderly people
c. the population of a small village Molochio is about 2,000 none of whom is over a hundred years old 
d. when wellderly people are asked about their secret of long life, the answer is their strong genetic condition
e. people who have a genetic connection always live in small communities
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Düzgün cavab: another group of long-lived men live on the Hawaiian island of Oahu
Sual 21
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0 - 1
İşarə
Question text
Complete the sentence according to the passage.
People with genetic condition called Laron syndrome … .
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. grow more than one metre
b. eat food which is almost always the same
c. are healthy and have no diseases 
d. have protection against cancer and diabetes
e. suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes
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Düzgün cavab: have protection against cancer and diabetes
Sual 22
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0 - 1
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Question text
Complete the sentence according to the passage.
The usual answer of elderly people about the secret of their long life is that they … .
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. use less vegetables and fruit
b. eat everything, but not too much
c. smoke now and then
d. have strong genes 
e. don’t drink non-alcoholic drinks
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Düzgün cavab: eat everything, but not too much
Sual 23
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0 - 1
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Question text
Answer the question according to the passage.
What are Japanese-Americans characterized by?
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. genetic factors enabling women live longer than men
b. wellderly people who are 2,000 in quantity
c. similar gene to the Laron syndrome
d. shorter life expectancy
e. eating the same type of food 
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Düzgün cavab: similar gene to the Laron syndrome
Sual 24
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0 - 1
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Question text
The sentence “And of these 2000 people, there are at least eight people over a hundred years old” implies that … .
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. the number of people living more than a hundred year is less than eight
b. there are less than eight nonagenarians out of 2,000 people
c. there are minimum eight centenarians out of 2,000 people
d. nonagenarians are at least eight in quantity 
e. there are totally eight people over a hundred years out of 2,000
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Düzgün cavab: there are minimum eight centenarians out of 2,000 people
Sual 25
Düzgün
1 - 1
İşarə
Question text
What conclusion did the researchers come to when they constructed the family trees of the 100-year-old people in Calabria?
Cavablardan birini seçin:
a. The environment makes women live longer.
b. It is not the environment that makes people live longer.
c. In contrast with Europe women benefit from genetic factors more than men.
d. Men’s health benefit from genetic factors. 
e. Women live longer than men.
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Düzgün cavab: Men’s health benefit from genetic factors.