birlik,
juftlik, ko’plik
…vhk, kognitiv kategoriyalar esa buni mana bunday davom ettiradi:
teng, toq, o’nlik, sanoqli
.
Kognitiv semantika – kognitiv tilshunoslikni dastlab o’rgangan
olimlar bular
psixolingvistlar sanaladi. Ular o’z tadqiqotlarida noverbal o’ylashning mavjudligini
isbotladilar
va shuningdek, inson miyasidagi konseptual tizimning majvud yoki
mavjud emasligi ustida bahslashganlar. Konseptual tizim doim o’zgarib turadigan va
rivojlanib boradigan tushunchalardan iboratdir. Olimlar
belgilarning insonlar
tomonidan yaratilgan deb xulosa qilib, ular eng muhim axborotlarni yetkazib berish
uchun xizmat qilishini ta’kidlashganlar. Lekin,
ularning nazarida, konseptual tizim
kattaroq va faqatgina uning kichikkina bo’lagi belgilar orqali ifodalanadi.
R.M.
Frumkina fikricha, kognitiv semantika kognitiv psixologiya bilan uzviy
bog’liqdir. Kognitiv semantika tilning ma’nosini insonlar miyasida qanday aks etishiga
qarab belgilaydi yoki ifodalaydi. An’anaviy
semantikadan farqli ravishda, kognitiv
semantika lingvistik voqea–hodisalarni ekstra–lingvistik faktorlar ya’ni,
asosan
psixologik va ijtimoiy–madaniy faktorlarga tayanib o’rganadi.
Kognitiv semantikaga fan sifatida katta hissa qo’shgan olimlarning biri
A.Vyerzbikadir. Uning ta’kidlashicha, belgilarni o’rganayotgan paytda, biz
insonning
konseptual tizimini o’rgana olamiz va uning uchun qaysi davrda qanday tushunchalar
muhim ekanligini anglab olishimiz ham mumkin. Yuqorida ta’kidlanganidek,
insonning o’ylash jarayoni no verbal aks etadi va belgilar yordamida tushuniladi.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI:
1.
Fauconnier G., Turner M. Compression and Global Insight // Cognitive
Linguistics.–2000.Vol.11.
2.
Geeraerts D., Cuyckens H. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics
– Oxford: Oxford University Press: 2007 – p 238.
3.
George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. – Metaphors we live by.–London,
Chicago: University Press, 2003 – p 49.
4.
Interneet sources Langacker R. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction.–
Boston: Oxford University Press, –2008.
5.
Jackend off R. Semantics and Cognition.–Cambridge, 1983.
6.
Kroeber A., Kluckhon K. The Concept of culture. Papers of the Peabody. –
Museum, 1950.
7.
Lakoff G. Cognitive Semantics // Meaning and Mental Representations.–
Bloomington, 1988.
8.
Lakoff G., Johnson M. Metaphor we Live by.– Chicago:
University of
Chicago Press, – 1980.
9.
Lakoff L., Johnson M. Metaphors we Live by. Chicago; L.: The University
of Chicago Press, 1980. – P. 276.
10.
Langacker R. Concept, Image, Symbol. Berlin: Mouton, – 1990
11.
Langacker R. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Boston: Stanford
University Press, – 1987.
12.
Langacker R.W. Why a mind is necessary: Conceptualization, grammar and
linguistic semantics // Meaning and Cognition: A multidisciplinari approach.–
Amsterdam / Philadelphia, 2000.
13.
Lee D. Cognitive Linguistics. An Introduction.–N.Y., 2002.
14.
Webster's Third New International Dictionary (unabridged) and Seven
Language Dictionary. – N.Y.: Encyclopedia Britannica, INC, Vol.1, 1981. – Р. 1016
(WTNID).
Veb–saytlar ro’yhati:
1. http: // www. philology. ru
2. http: // www. wikipedia.org.
3. http: // www. Ziyonet.uz.
4. http: // www. dissertation.com.
5. http: // www. thefreedictionary.com.