Legislation of Denmark ”

Sərbəst İş

Fənn: Azerbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiyasi
İxtisas: Hüquqşunaslıq ( ingilis dili üzrə)
Qrup: İngilis 13
Tələbə: Bədəlova Aytəkin
Mövzu: Legislation of Denmark

Bakı – 2022

“ Legislation of Denmark ”
The four major tasks of the Danish Parliament are: To pass Bills, to exercise control over the Government, to adopt the State Budget and to take part in international cooperation. The Danish Parliament and the Government are the only authorities to introduce Bills i.e. introduce proposals for new legislation and legislative amendments. The legislative power is comprised of Parliament and Government but it is only Parliament which can pass Bills. The Constitutional Act lays down the division of power between Parliament (the legislative power), Government (the executive and the legislative power) and the courts of justice (the judicial power). This division is often referred to as the tripartition of power. The power in Danish society is divided into three sections in order to prevent abuse of power. All MPs are entitled to introduce Bills and proposals for other decisions that the Parliament must consider. In practice, however, the majority of Bills approved by the Parliament have been drawn up by the Government. Since the Government usually has the support of a majority in the Parliament, or has reached a political agreement or a compromise prior to presenting a Bill, it is sure to obtain a majority for the Bill. In addition, the Government can rely on help from the various ministries where a large number of experts are engaged in drawing up Bills. According to the Danish Constitutional Act, a Bill must be read three times in the Parliament before it can be passed. Legislative work is carried out in the Chamber and in the parliamentary committees. Committees work on Bills in between readings in the Chamber, and this helps to ensure that legislation is thoroughly thought-out. In addition, a 30-day period has been introduced as the minimum time for reading Bills, a further guarantee that this work will be extremely thorough.Between 200-300 Bills are introduced each year. The majority of them are passed. Instead of a Bill, the opposition can introduce what is known as a proposal for parliamentary resolution, which typically involves a call for the Government to amend the law in a certain area. If a majority can be found in the Chamber for such a proposal for parliamentary resolution, the Government will normally introduce a Bill proper that amends the law as proposed. It is far easier to draw up a proposal for parliamentary resolution than to prepare a Bill. Therefore, proposals introduced by the opposition are most often of this type, as the opposition does not have access to help from the ministries to draw up a Bill. A proposal for parliamentary resolution is only read twice. Usually, a committee reading is inserted between the two readings. A Minister can decide to set up an expert committee or a commission to look into the need for legislation in a given area. As a rule, this results in the commission or the committee publishing a report.
If a Minister wishes to introduce a Bill, the parties who will be affected by the Act are usually given an opportunity to be heard. This is known as the consultation phase, and it comes before the introduction of the Bill in the Parliament. Interest groups or representatives of the business community might be consulted in this way. A number of acts regulate the teaching of children, young people and adults. General provisions are, laid down in the acts applying to the relevant areas, except for the Act on Special Education for Adults. Since 1980, the Act on Special Education for Adults has formed the legal basis for compensatory special education for adults with functional difficulties of a physical or psychological nature. Furthermore, there is a ministerial order on special educational support in vocational education and training, etc. Apart from these, no specific legislation applies to learners with special needs. General legislation, pertaining to the individual levels of education, more or less outlines directly that teaching is accessible to all and should be organised and performed in due consideration of pupils’ different prerequisites and needs. Various provisions apply to special considerations in connection with examinations and the like.Compulsory education is obligatory for all children from age 6 to 16. Parents are obliged to ensure education of their children and municipalities are obliged to offer schooling for everybody living in the municipality. Parents can choose to educate children at home, but only under the supervision and acceptance of local school authorities. Parents can also send children to private or free schools. These schools are to be approved by the Ministry of Education and offer education on the same level as public schools (Folkeskolen). Around 86% of all Danish children receive education in the Folkeskolen and 14% attend private schools. All education in public schools is without any costs for parents. For education in private or free schools, parents have to pay a minor part of the costs. All schools have an obligation to offer special needs education if needed, and some schools run special classes or are organised as special schools.