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91
Conclusions
The production and provision of financial services by banks is evolving as a
result of the introduction of new technology. These shifts have repercussions for
conventional banks, introducing additional forms of systemic risk that may pose
regulatory and legislative issues. Banks are compelled to adopt modern technology
as a result of fluctuating client expectations and pressures to reduce expenses and
boost productivity. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had a huge effect on the
digital revolution, generating a direct requirement for banks to engage with their
clients via digital channels, such as platforms and apps, at a time when social
distancing was the norm. From the beginning of the pandemic, the number of digital
users has grown by 23%. Yet, these technological advancements cannot be
considered novel. For decades, bank consumers have shifted from traditional
branch-based banking to online and mobile options. Consumers' familiarity with
online product use has increased. This has enabled new entrants, such as fintech
companies and large digital platforms, to design appealing and user-friendly
customer interfaces for their services. As a result, services are provided to clients in
an efficient manner, enabling the unbundling of financial services and providing
customers with a greater variety of options, hence increasing customer participation
in the process.
Modern technological advancements place banks under competitive strain.
Banks will be need to adapt to the alterations in client behavior, which demand more
effective and convenient online services. There are also new dangers associated
with technology advances. Using technology more broadly and involving third parties
more significantly, such as through outsourcing and cloud computing, will increase
banks' reliance on the availability of IT services and their susceptibility to cyber risk.
Nonetheless, banks are not completely unfamiliar with these dangers, as banking
supervisors have expected them to control all risks, including those associated with
technology progress.
And banks have vast knowledge of regulation and compliance, having already
cleared the primary regulatory obstacles faced by new entrants. Additionally,
numerous fintech companies and large tech platforms offer financial services in close
partnership with banks. In actuality, it is unclear whether or not large technology
companies would desire to enter the banking sector themselves, with all the
constraints that would entail. Overall, banks are cognizant of the need for digital
92
transformation adaptation. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, to some
extent, that digital expenditures by banks have paid off
— at least in terms of
operational resilience. Their IT infrastructures proved to be equal to the task; service
continuity was maintained without interruption and in a safe manner. The majority of
banks are currently accelerating technological innovation.
The most recent wave of financial innovation based on the opportunities
presented by digitalisation has largely emanated from outside the incumbent banking
system in the form of new financial service providers, either in competition or
cooperation with incumbent banks, but with the potential for significant disruption.
The European banking system faces major structural changes and difficulties that will
determine its future and its capacity to service the actual economy's financial
demands. Several of these concerns, such as overbanking and non-performing loans,
have existed for a number of years and can be viewed as relics of the global financial
crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. Some concerns, such as climate
change, are prospective in nature and relate to societal changes beyond the banking
and financial institutions. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic is influencing
economic structures and exerting an influence on the banking system that may
change the fundamental business models and operations of European banks.
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