•
semiconductor
: A substance that conducts electricity poorly at room
temperature, but has increasing conductivity at higher temperatures.
Metalloids are usually good semiconductors.
•
shielding effect
: The outer electrons aren't pulled
very tightly by the nucleus
because the inner electrons repel them. This repulsion is called the shielding
effect, and can be used to explain lots of neat-o stuff.
•
sigma bond
: A real fancy way of saying "single bond"
•
significant figure
: The number of digits in a
number that tell you useful
information. For example, when you weigh
yourself on a bathroom scale, it
says something like 150 pounds rather than 150.32843737 pounds. Why?
Because the thing can only weigh accurately to the nearest pound. Any other
digits that are on this number don't mean anything, because they're probably
wrong anyway.
•
single-displacement reaction (a.k.a. single replacement reaction)
: When
one unbonded element replaces an element in a chemical compound. These
are frequently redox reactions.
•
solubility
: A measurement of how much of a solute can dissolve in a liquid.
•
solubility product constant
: Abbreviated K
sp
, this
value indicates the degree
to which a compound dissociates in water. The higher the solubility product
constant, the more soluble the compound.
•
solute
: The solid that gets dissolved in a solution.
•
solvent
: The liquid that dissolves the solid in a solution.
•
specific heat capacity
: The amount of heat required to increase the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree.
•
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