•
excess reagent
: Sometimes when you do a chemical reaction, there's some
of one reagent left over. That's called the excess reagent.
•
excited state
: A higher energy level that electrons
can jump to when energy
is added.
•
exothermic
: When a process gives off energy (gets hot).
•
family
: The same thing as a "group" (see above)
•
first law of thermodynamics
: The energy of the universe is constant. It's
the same thing as the Law of conservation of energy.
•
fission
: A nuclear reaction where a big atom breaks up into little ones. This
is what happens in nuclear power plants.
•
free energy
: also called "Gibbs free energy", it's
the capacity of a system to
do work.
•
free radical
: An atom or molecule with an unpaired electron. They're way
reactive.
•
functional group
: A generic term for a group of atoms that cause a molecule
to react in a specific way. It's really common to
talk about this in organic
chemistry, where you have "aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines" and so on.
•
gamma ray
: High energy light given off during a nuclear process. When a
nucleus
gives off this light, it goes to a lower energy state,
making it more
stable.
•
geometrical isomer
: isomerism where atoms or groups of atoms can take up
different positions around a double bond or a ring.
This is also called cis-
trans- isomerism.
•
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