1
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 below.
How Green is your PlanIT Valley?
The first thing to say about the people running new European company Living PlanIT is
that they are ambitious. Not only are they planning to build a smart green city from
scratch at a site in northern Portugal, but they also hope to establish their PlanIT Valley
development as both a genuine European alternative to the USA's Silicon Valley, and a
working model that will inspire the next generation of low carbon cities. These will
combine real environmental sustainability with a quality of IT-enhanced urban living
almost unrecognisable from the crowded, polluted and disorganised reality that is city
life for most people.
Many are sceptical about the company's plans for a brand-new smart city packed with
cutting-edge green technology which can house 225,000 people while producing
'negligible' greenhouse gas emissions. To them, the technical challenges, combined
with the $10 billion that the company needs to raise to see the project through from
beginning to end, make Living PlanIT's plans sound more like an admirable experiment
rather than a viable construction project. Their scepticism is not helped by the
company's use of marketing language that, in order to understand it, requires a degree
in Public Relations. For example, the company's claim that its 'design and
manufacturing platforms enable the convergence of computing, network and sensing
technologies with the fabric of buildings and places, demonstrated at urban scale in the
development and operations of PlanIT Valley' does not really explain what it does.
However, when you listen to chief executive Steve Lewis outline his plans for the
company, it becomes possible to believe that they might just deliver on their absurdly
ambitious promises. His rationale for the company is admirably simple. He argues that
the construction industry remains the last sector of the economy to resist the IT
revolution that has enhanced efficiencies across every other industry, from car
25 manufacturing to food production. Their existing techniques are inadequate, he says,
for today's technology-rich and environmentally-aware requirements. Here, therefore, is
an opportunity to entirely update the building process. Taking lessons from other
manufacturing industries, including aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding, project
leaders identified a number of elements that feature in modern manufacturing
processes and which could be applied to modern buildings from the very start of the
construction process.
Living PlanIT plans to integrate IT into the fabric of the city. It is installing many
thousands of sensors that allow an urban operating system to deliver intelligent
buildings that are constantly optimised to enhance comfort, productivity and
environmental sustainability. Meanwhile, the latest renewable energy technologies and
green building techniques will allow the city to operate with a virtually non-existent
carbon footprint. Of course, such techniques are not new, but they are rarely put into
2
practice. In fact, the IT industry has been
complaining for a long time
that the construction sector has failed to make adequate (if any) use of IT in its
buildings.
So, what makes PlanIT Valley different? For a start, the company has considerable
power and influence, both in terms of the team it has assembled and the financial
backing it has already been promised. Lewis and many on the senior management
team have served as senior executives with other major IT companies. This means that
they not only have the right experience, but also the essential 'anything is possible'
mentality that is a feature of such companies. In addition, Lewis claims that the
company has already invested $300 million in putting together its team of engineers and
developing its technology portfolio. As a result, the project is establishing a degree of
credibility that far exceeds that of other similar projects.
More importantly, however, almost all of the technology the company is planning to
deploy in PlanIT Valley either already exists or is viable from a technical point of view.
Intelligent buildings that know to turn the air-conditioning on before you even realise you
are hot may sound like something out of a science-fiction novel, but we are increasingly
living in a science-fiction age. You do not need to invent anything new to develop a
zero-carbon smart city, you just have to put all the right technologies together in the
right place.
If Living PlanIT achieve this integration, it will hopefully be able to prove the final part of
Lewis' claim. Namely, that cost concerns surrounding green developments are ill-
founded. A more automated approach to construction coupled with long-term efficiency
gains delivered by intelligent infrastructure more than cancel out the extra money
required to build the development in the first place. And if it can win the economic
argument, future opportunities are enormous. As Lewis points out, projected world
population growth means that the world has to deliver between 9,500 and 10,000 new
cities over the next forty years to house everyone. There is no chance of avoiding
dangerous levels of climate change unless this expansion is delivered in an
environmentally-sustainable manner. That would provide quite a business opportunity
for the company that can deliver the solution.
The PlanIT Valley project presents many problems in terms of project management and
coordination, and there is a huge amount of work to be done before the first residents
are able to move in. Whatever the outcome, it is hard not to admire a project that will put
so many theories about smart cities to the test all in one go. First, it is challenging
accepted assumptions on how cities should be designed and constructed. Secondly, it
will show what can be done if connectivity and intelligence are built into the design from
the beginning. Thirdly, it will be a pilot project for a whole range of new services and,
equally important, new types of collaboration.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |