Microsoft Word F. Asagba 2 Nig doc

 
ASAGBA, PRINCE OGHENEKARO; OGHENEOVO, EDWARD E. CPN, MNCS. 
 
Department of Computer Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 
[e-mail], [e-mail]. 
08056023566
 
ABSTRACT:
The concepts of structured and object-oriented programming methods are not relatively new but 
these approaches are still very much useful and relevant in today’s programming paradigm. In this paper, we 
distinguish the features of structured programs from that of object oriented programs. Structured programming is a 
method of organizing and coding programs that can provide easy understanding and modification, whereas object-
oriented programming (OOP) consists of a set of objects, which can vary dynamically, and which can execute by 
acting and reacting to each other, in much the same way that a real-world process proceeds (the interaction of real-
world objects). An object-oriented approach makes programs more intuitive to design, faster to develop, more 
amenable to modifications, and easier to understand. With the traditional, procedural-oriented/structured 
programming, a program describes a series of steps to be performed (an algorithm). In the object-oriented view of 
programming, instead of programs consisting of sets of data loosely coupled to many different procedures, object-
oriented programs consist of software modules called objects that encapsulate both data and processing while hiding 
their inner complexities from programmers and hence from other objects. @ JASEM 
Structured programming can be viewed as the pulling 
together, or synthesization of such ideas as program 
modularity and top down design, and the concrete 
representation of them at the program-coding level. It 
is a manner of coding and organizing programs that 
makes them easier to understand, to test and to 
modify. Results have demonstrated that employed 
together with other improved programming 
technologies, can lead to spectacular increases in 
programmer productivity and correspondingly 
spectacular decreases in the error rate of resultant 
code (Champeaux, 1990), and (Istatkova, 2001). 
Structured programming methodology tries to resolve 
the issues associated with unconditional transfers to 
enable programmers follow the logic of programs. 
Much of a program’s complexity arises from the fact 
that the program contains many jumps to other parts 
of the programs - jumps both forward and backward 
in the code. Furthermore, as a program undergoes 
change during its development period, as it gets 
further debugged during its maintenance period, and 
as it gets modified in subsequent new projects, the 
complexity of the program grows alarmingly. New 
jumps are inserted, thus increasing the complexity. In 
some cases, new code is added because the 
programmer cannot find existing code that performs 
the desired function, or is not sure how the existing 
code works, or is afraid to disturb the existing code 
for fear of undoing another desirable function, and 
the result, after many modifications, is a program that 
is nearly unintelligible. This is the software 
equivalent of being shop-worn, the time when it is 
better to throw the whole thing out and start over 
(Louden, 1993), and (Owolabi, et al, 2005). 
Indeed, structured programming concepts discourage 
the use of ‘GO TO’ statements and encourage 
program blocks, modularity, top-down design 
approach and reusability amongst others. Programs 
written with the structured approach are more 
readable and more reliable. Also, the cost and time of 
developing software is less when structured 
programming is adopted since smaller units of 
programs can be written independently (sometimes 
by different, individuals or groups) and then 
combined to achieve the desired end product. The art 
of programming is made flexible by structured 
programming especially in the area of program or 
software maintenance. Programs can easily be 
modified and updated to suit prevailing circumstances 
(Louden, 1993). 
In structured programs, any function can be 
performed using one or a collection of three control 
structures: sequence, selection, and repetition as 
shown in Fig. 1. 
Fig 1.
(a) Simple sequence 
(b) Selection 
(c) Repetition 
OR 

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A Comparative Analysis of Structured and Object-Oriented Programming Methods
 
* Corresponding Author: Asagba, Prince Oghenekaro 
42
These control structures are quite adequate for any 
kind of processing, or any combination of decisions, 
or any type of logic manipulations without exhibiting 
back-tracking. 
Pascal, PL/I, Ada,
and 
ALGOL
are 
perhaps some of the better known structured 
programming languages. 
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a 
programming paradigm
that uses "
objects
" and their 
interactions to design applications and computer 
programs. Programming techniques may include 
features such as 
information hiding, data abstraction, 
encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism
, and 
inheritance
. It was not commonly used in mainstream 
software application development until the early 
1990s. Many modern 
programming
languages
now 
support OOP (Wikipedia, 2008). Some of the better 
known OOP languages are C++, Object Pascal, and, 
Java.