Microsoft Word Gül Öztürk Baltacıoğlu- Şehir Coğrafyası Açısından Bakü (Azerbaycan)

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bakü Şehri, Şehir Coğrafyası, Şehirleşme, Şehir 
fonksiyonları, Doğal Kaynaklar, Yerleşme Tarihi. 
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ABSTRACT 
In this thesis, Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is researched in 
terms of urban geography. Natural environment characteristics of the city and its 
environs, location, establishment and development of the city, geographical factors 
affecting its development, population, settlement, functions and areas of the city from 
past to present are discussed in detail. The various problems of the city are also 
mentioned in a separate section. 
Baku is an ancient city established in the location that is accepted as the heart of 
Asia. It is an important port city. Likewise, the city’s being on the transit trade routes, 
having rich oil and natural gas reserves and other factors caused invasions throughout 
the history, and it stayed under the rule of many states such as Umayyads, Abbasids, 
Shirvanshahs, Tsarist and Soviet Russia. Therefore, the relatively long development of 
the city is divided into some periods. 
The city's population is 2,262,600 million according to data in 2018. The area is 
2,14 thousand km² wide and there are 1,057 people per km². Among the three capitals in 
the Caucasus, Baku is the city with the highest population and its population is bigger 
than the sum of Tbilisi and Yerevan. After the independence (October 18, 1991), the 
government's priority approach started to change the general outlook of the city with 
new constructions and with the rapid development in horizontal direction, many nearby 
settlements were integrated with the city. In this context, almost all settlements in the 
Absheron Peninsula, its administrative, transportal, economical and cultural functions, 
etc. have become a part of the city of Baku.
Baku is a multifunctional city (administrative, transportation, industry, trade, 
tourism, culture, etc.). It has assumed important administrative functions since the past. 
The city is the most important educational, training and cultural center of the country. 
Most of the schools in the country, especially the universities (âli schools), are located 
in Baku. Likewise, 65-70 % of the industrial enterprises and funds in the country are 
concentrated in Baku. The city also has important natural and anthropic attractions in 
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terms of tourism. Many tourist accommodation facilities have been built in the near 
future. 
Especially in the last two hundred years, Baku is a city shaped by oil and gas. 
Therefore, the influence of natural resources in its development is undeniable. 
Possessing a significant portion of the oil and gas deposits in the Caspian Sea and trying 
to evaluate them with numerous international projects further enhance the regional and 
global importance of the city. With all these features, Baku has become an area where 
international struggle is experienced in every period of history.