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2.6.1. Normal operations
Fugitive emissions Media Gas Origin Valves, pump seals, flanges, open-ended valves, relief valves, compressor seals, drains, sample connections. Destination Diffuse in the atmosphere Quantity Can be estimated with the Average Factor Method Composition VOCs, Cl Fugitive emissions are not negligible. They can be estimated thanks to the Average Factor Method which is explained in part A. Chlorine is involved in the process, consequently chlorine can be released in the atmosphere with fugitive emissions. Gas relieves Media Gas Origin Relief valves, reflux drum Destination Flare and then atmosphere Quantity ? Composition CO 2 , VOCs, SOx, NOx, Cl Chlorine is also emitted in case of gas relieves. This chlorine could be released in form of dioxins (see specific paragraph later). Flue gas from furnaces Media Gas Origin Fuel oil or fuel gas combustion in heaters Destination Atmosphere Quantity Can be known from process data Composition CO 2 , SOx, NOx, PM, VOCs, metals - Calculated with Emission Factors These emissions are indirect emissions from the process. They come from the fuel combustion in heaters. These emissions can be estimated thanks to Emission Factors. They depend on the type of fuel burned, firing practice and postcombustion controls. The choice of fuel oil or fuel gas burned in furnaces depends on the fuel available on-site. |