Microsoft Word master thesis report fina doc

2.6.1. Normal operations 
 
Fugitive emissions 
 
Media 
Gas 
Origin 
Valves, pump seals, flanges, open-ended valves, relief valves, 
compressor seals, drains, sample connections.
Destination 
Diffuse in the atmosphere 
Quantity 
Can be estimated with the Average Factor Method
Composition 
VOCs, Cl 
 
Fugitive emissions are not negligible. They can be estimated thanks to the Average Factor 
Method which is explained in part A.
Chlorine is involved in the process, consequently chlorine can be released in the atmosphere 
with fugitive emissions. 
 
Gas relieves 
 
Media 
Gas 
Origin 
Relief valves, reflux drum 
Destination 
Flare and then atmosphere 
Quantity 
? 
Composition 
CO
2
, VOCs, SOx, NOx, Cl 
 
Chlorine is also emitted in case of gas relieves. This chlorine could be released in form of 
dioxins (see specific paragraph later). 
Flue gas from furnaces 
 
Media 
Gas 
Origin 
Fuel oil or fuel gas combustion in heaters 
Destination 
Atmosphere 
Quantity 
Can be known from process data 
Composition 
CO
2
, SOx, NOx, PM, VOCs, metals - Calculated with Emission 
Factors 
 
These emissions are indirect emissions from the process. They come from the fuel 
combustion in heaters. These emissions can be estimated thanks to Emission Factors. They 
depend on the type of fuel burned, firing practice and postcombustion controls. The choice of 
fuel oil or fuel gas burned in furnaces depends on the fuel available on-site.
 
 
 

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