Moral values {Ethics} Plan

Abstract prepared by Qodirjonov Jamshidbek, a student of group E94-21, Faculty of Civil Enginering, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, from philosophy.
Moral values {Ethics}
Plan;

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  1. Moral philosophy.
  
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  2. Moral values
  

Ethics (Ancient Greek: ēthikḗ [philosophia] - "philosophy of morality", ḗthos (ētos) - "custom") is a philosophical science that studies and determines the customs and morals of a person or society. It analyzes the concepts of "right" - "wrong", "good" - "bad". Ethics consists of meta-ethics (ethical concepts), normative ethics (setting ethical values) and practical ethics (using ethical values). Ethics includes philosophical-theoretical problems of ethics and didactic works on ethics. He describes examples of wisdom gained by mankind through his own experience in the form of stories, proverbs, sayings, proverbs, explains the essence of morality to people, draws philosophical conclusions, teaches them moral rules.
Ethics has the following standard concepts - categories: virtue and vice, good and bad, honesty, truthfulness, modesty, justice, duty, conscience, honor, ideal, happiness, meaning of life, etc. etc.) due to the fact that it covers all aspects, the ethics studying it is related to all sciences. In particular, it has a great influence on the sciences of the spiritual system. The connection of ethics with aesthetics takes place through the medium of art; each work of art raises actual problems of morality, the artist directly or indirectly reflects the moral level of his time and his attitude to it through artistic images. Therefore, every work of art studied by aesthetics is also studied from the point of view of ethics. The relationship between ethics and theology is related to the fact that both sciences are aimed at solving the problem of moral criteria. In this case, religion is a means, ethics is a goal. The holy book of every religion is aimed at educating God's servants as both religious and moral people. Also, the problem of the perfect man is common to both disciplines; the difference is that ethics approaches this problem from the point of view of modern education. Ethics is closely related to jurisprudence; in many cases, moral and legal norms are essentially the same, they differ only in the approach - through the method of introducing sanctions. Accordingly, morality can be called public-based law, and law can be called legalized morality. There is also a special field of ethics called legal ethics. Ethics with its theoretical and especially practical aspects. is the basis of science; education in the educational system manifests itself as moral education at every step. Also, ethics is closely related to a number of disciplines such as psychology, sociology, political science, ecology, and the ethical point of view and theories of ethics are important in solving their problems.

The nature of values ​​is used in different fields in very different ways. The science of values ​​is axiology. This term was introduced to the field of science by the German axiologist E. Hertmann and the French scientist P. Lapi in the second half of the twentieth century. In the West, this term is based on the Greek words "value" and "science", "teaching". the interpretation of value from an axiological point of view, the study of its content in the category, its objective basis and subjective movement, allows for manifest and effective changes. The category of value differs from the concept that represents the economic value of an item or things. Values ​​are a category used to express the value of forms, things, events, processes, situations, qualities, demands and procedures of reality that have some significance for a person.

Values ​​represent the core of spiritual culture or "spirituality". Value is not a unique feature or property of any phenomenon, event or thing, but its essence, in turn, is a necessary condition for the existence and existence of this or that object of existence. Values ​​show the existence of different needs and feelings in a person, they create a basis for different evaluation of events and events happening around them. For example, for some people grass is valuable, grass is important, this or that event, for others it is worthless, yellow baby may be insignificant. For the same reason, values ​​can be divided into positive or negative (insignificant, less important, imperceptible value), absolute and relative, objective and subjective values. According to its content, it can be divided into logical, moral, aesthetic and object values. Values ​​can also be divided into values ​​that glorify truth, goodness, and beauty. Values ​​are the product of social-economic, cultural-spiritual development of society. That's why values ​​express the spirit of the times, opportunities, dreams, hopes, wishes, aspirations and needs of the people who lived in those times. With the passage of time, the content and meaning of values ​​change. For the same reason, it is necessary to always take into account the specific atrical conditions when assessing the atrical importance of values.
Moral values ​​refer to a set of principles that require correct behavior and behavior in various situations and relationships. Some common moral values ​​include:

1. Honesty and Integrity: Being honest and transparent in one's actions and communications.

2. Respect for others: treating others with respect, compassion and consideration, regardless of differences in background and beliefs.
3. Responsibility and accountability: being responsible for one's actions and addressing any negative consequences that may result from those actions.
4. Justice and fairness: treating others fairly and equally and advocating fair outcomes based on fairness and impartiality.
5. Compassion and empathy: understanding and caring for the emotional needs and experiences of others as well as one's own.
6. Courage and determination: showing fortitude and courage in standing up for what is right and passing through difficult trials.

Source used; https://azkurs.org/mavzu-axloqiy-qadriyatlar-falsafasi-etika.html