Murodov Behzodjon

Kommutatorlarning xususiyatlari va turlari
Kommutatorlar boshqariladigan va boshqarilmaydiganlarga bo‘linadi (eng oddiy). Murakkab kalitlar OSI modelining tarmoq (uchinchi) qatlamida kommutatsiyani boshqarishga imkon beradi. Odatda ular mos ravishda nomlanadi, masalan, Layer 3 Switch yoki oddiygina L3 sifatida qisqartiriladi. Kommutatorni veb-interfeys protokoli, SNMP, RMON (Cisco tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan protokol) va boshqalar orqali boshqarish mumkin.

1- Rasm. Cisco kommutatorlar va ularning xarakteristikasi

Ko‘pgina boshqariladigan kommutatorlar qo‘shimcha funksiyalarga imkon beradi: VLAN, QoS, yig‘ish, aks ettirish. Murakkab kalitlarni bitta mantiqiy qurilmaga birlashtirish mumkin - portlar sonini ko‘paytirish uchun (masalan, siz 4 ta kalitni 24 port bilan birlashtirib, (4 * 24-6 = 90) portli mantiqiy kalitni olishingiz mumkin, yoki 96 port bilan (agar stacking uchun maxsus portlar ishlatilsa).

2 –rasm. Cisco kommutator Catalyst 2960

3- Rasm. Cisco Packet Tracerdagi Cisco Catalyst 2960 kommutatorning orqa paneli
Amaliy ishning bajarilishi:
Cisco Packet Tracerni oching. Chapdagi pastki paneldan uskunalar bilan terminal uskunalari ro‘yxatini oching. Kompyuterni tanlang va ish joyida ikkita shaxsiy kompyuter yarating.

4- Rasm. - Cisco Packet Tracer ish maydoni.
Keyin ikkala shaxsiy kompyuterda IP-manzil va pastki tarmoq niqobini sozlang. Kompyuterni ikki marta bosishingiz kerak, yuqori lentadagi «Desktop» t anlang «IP configuration» (3.5- Rasm) После этого Shundan so‘ng biz ularni bir-biriga bog‘laymiz (3.5- Rasm).

5- Rasm. - Kompyuterda IP manzillarni o‘rnatish va ularni bir-biriga ulash

Ping yordamida ulanishni tekshiramiz (3.6- Rasm). Agar to‘g‘ri sozlangan bo‘lsa, unda yo‘qolgan paketlar bo‘lmaydi (Yo‘qotilgan = 0). ARP protokoli birinchi paketlarning yo‘qolishi mumkin. ARP (ing. Address Resolution Protocol - manzilni aniqlash protokoli) - boshqa kompyuterning MAC manzilini ma’lum IP manzil orqali aniqlash uchun mo‘ljallangan kompyuter tarmoqlaridagi protokol.

6- Rasm. - PC0 dan Ping PC1.

Bundan tashqari, xuddi shu uskunalar panelida, tarmoq uskunalari bo‘limida siz Cisco Catalyst 2960 modelini tanlashingiz kerak.Bundan oldin bir-biriga ulangan shaxsiy kompyuterlar kommutatorga ulangan bo‘lishi kerak (3.7- Rasm).

7- Rasm. - Kommutator orqali ulangan 3 ta shaxsiy kompyuterdan iborat tarmoq.



8- Rasm. – Natijani ping orqali tekshiriladi.
C:\>ping 192.168.1.2 // Ulanish testi

Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

C:\>ping 192.168.1.3

Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>ping 192.168.1.4

Pinging 192.168.1.4 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.4:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
1-Amaliy ishni bajarish uchun topshiriq:

• 
  Kommutator orqali ulangan N ta (3.1-jadval) kompyuterdan iborat tarmoqni tuzing.
  
• 
  Variantlar bilan jadvaldan tanlanadigan kompyuterlar uchun IP manzillarni kiriting.
  
• 
  Quyidagi amaliyotlar uchun tarmoqni tayyorlang.