Name: To’lqin Surname: Sharifov Group: smm-50 Self study №15 Task 1



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English Sharifov T


Name: To’lqin
Surname: Sharifov

Group: SMM-50

Self study №15
Task 1.
The bond market—often called the debt market, fixed-income market, or credit market—is the collective name given to all trades and issues of debt securities. Governments typically issue bonds in order to raise capital to pay down debts or fund infrastructural improvements.
Publicly traded companies issue bonds when they need to finance business expansion projects or maintain ongoing operations.

  • The bond market broadly describes a marketplace where investors buy debt securities that are brought to the market by either governmental entities or corporations.

  • National governments generally use the proceeds from bonds to finance infrastructural improvements and pay down debts.

  • Companies issue bonds to raise the capital needed to maintain operations, grow their product lines, or open new locations.

  • Bonds are either issued on the primary market, which rolls out new debt, or traded on the secondary market, in which investors may purchase existing debt via brokers or other third parties.

  • Bonds tend to be less volatile and more conservative than stock investments, but they also have lower expected returns.

Task 2.



  1. essential/crucial/vital/important – muhim

Imagination is more important than knowledge.


  1. eye contact – ko’z bilan aloqa qilmoq

The first rule is to make eye contact with your interviewer.


  1. final decision – oxirgi qaror

Brown will make the final decision on that choice.


  1. for-profit business – foyda keltiradigan biznes

My uncle has already started to do for-profit business.


  1. fringe benefits – qo’shimcha foyda

One of the fringe benefits is free meals.


  1. from scratch - boshidan

Ben built the shed from scratch.


  1. group discussion – guruh muhokamasi

Learning theory knowledge by group discussion and explaination.


  1. human resources/staff/personnel – kadrlar bo’limi

All the hospital staff were wonderfully supportive.


Task 3.



  1. medium of exchange, a unit of accounting, a store of value

  2. bills, coins, checks

  3. shells, gold, goods

  4. considered

  5. durable

  6. major

  7. item

  8. criteria

  9. paper

  10. commodity

  11. representative

  12. paper

  13. silver and gold certificates

  14. bank notes

Task 4.



  1. have

  2. have

  3. reach

  4. carry

  5. make

  6. go

  7. put

  8. express

  9. make

  10. avoid

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