Below is a timeline taken from an August 1995 article from Wired magazine. The five experts have Ph.D’s.
Who’s Doing Nanotechnology?
Zyvex is striving to become the industry leader in adaptable, affordable molecular manufacturing. It estimates 5-10years for its first product.
Nanogen has developed the NanoChipTM Molecular Biology Workstation that incorporates a proprietary microchip capable of rapid identification and precise analysis of biological molecules.
IBM is currently investigating carbon nanotubes (metals/semiconductors, strong materials, good conductivity), nanolithography, and silicon nanoelectronics.
Lucent is currently involved in nanotechnology through its development of optical switching using MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems).