Note: This document is a translation of the German koma script manual
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- Example
- 3.16. Structuring of Documents
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partpagestyle}{empty}
As mentioned previously on page 72 , the page style empty is exactly what is re- quired in this example. Naturally you can also use a user-defined page style. Assume you have defined your own page style for initial chapter pages with the package scrlayer-scrpage (see chapter 5 ). You have given to this page style the fitting name chapter. To actually use this style, you must redefine the macro \chapterpagestyle accordingly: \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{chapter}
76 Chapter 3. Assume that you want the table of contents of a book to have no page numbers. However, everything after the table of contents should work again with the page style headings, as well as with plain on every first page of a chapter. You can use the following commands: \clearpage \pagestyle{empty} \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{empty} \tableofcontents \clearpage \pagestyle{headings} \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{plain} Instead of the above you may do a local redefinition using a group. The advantage will be that you do not need to know the current page style before the change to switch back at the end. \clearpage \begingroup \pagestyle{empty} \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{empty} \tableofcontents \clearpage \endgroup But notice that you never should put a numbered head into a group. Otherwise you may get funny results with commands like \label. Whoever thinks that it is possible to put running headings on the first page of a chapter by using the command \renewcommand*{\chapterpagestyle}{headings} should read more about the background of \rightmark at section 21.1 , page 386
. \pagenumbering{numbering style } This command works the same way in KOMA-Script as in the standard classes. More precisely it is a feature neither of the standard classes nor of the KOMA-Script classes but of the L A TEX
kernel. You can specify with this command the numbering style of page numbers. The changes take effect immediately, hence starting with the page that contains the com- mand. It is recommended to use \cleardoubleoddpage to close the last page and start a new odd page before. The possible settings can be found in table 3.10 . Using the command \pagenumbering also resets the page counter. Thus the page number of the next page which TEX outputs will have the number 1 in the style numbering style . 77 Chapter 3. numbering style example description arabic
8 Arabic numbers roman viii
lower-case Roman numbers Roman
VIII upper-case Roman numbers alph h
Alph H capital letters Table 3.10.: Available numbering styles of page numbers 3.13. Interleaf Pages Interleaf pages are pages that are intended to stay blank. Originally these pages were really completely white. L A TEX, on the other hand, by default sets those pages with the current valid page style. So those pages may have a head and a pagination. KOMA-Script provides several extensions to this. Interleaf pages may be found in books mostly. Because chapters in books commonly start on odd pages, sometimes a left page without contents has to be added before. This is also the reason that interleaf pages only exist in double-sided printing. The unused back sides of the one-sided printings are not interleaf pages, really, although they may seem to be such pages. cleardoublepage=page style cleardoublepage=current With this option, v3.00
you may define the page style of the interleaf pages created by the \cleardoublepage to break until the wanted page. Every already defined page style (see
section 3.12 from
page 72 and
chapter 5 from
page 205 ) may be used. Besides this, cleardoublepage=current is valid. This case is the default until KOMA-Script 2.98c and results in interleaf page without changing the page style. Since KOMA-Script 3.00 v3.00
the default follows the recommendation of most typographers and has been changed to blank interleaf pages with page style empty unless you switch compatibility to an earlier version (see option version
, section 3.2 , page 29
). Example: Assume you want interleaf pages almost empty but with pagination. This means you want to use page style plain. You may use following to achieve this: \KOMAoptions{cleardoublepage=plain} More information about page style plain may be found at section 3.12 , page 73 . 78 Chapter 3. \clearpage \cleardoublepage \cleardoublepageusingstyle{page style } \cleardoubleemptypage \cleardoubleplainpage \cleardoublestandardpage \cleardoubleoddpageusingstyle{page style } \cleardoubleoddemptypage \cleardoubleoddplainpage \cleardoubleoddstandardpage \cleardoubleevenpageusingstyle{page style } \cleardoubleevenemptypage \cleardoubleevenplainpage \cleardoubleevenstandardpage The L A
floats are output, and then starts a new page. There exists the instruction \cleardoublepage which works like \clearpage but which, in the double-sided layouts (see layout option twoside in section 2.4 , page 37
) starts a new right-hand page. An empty left page in the current page style is output if necessary. With v3.00
\cleardoubleoddstandardpage , KOMA-Script works as described above. The \cleardoubleoddplainpage command changes the page style of the empty left page to plain in order to suppress the running head. Analogously, the page style empty is applied to the empty page with \cleardoubleoddemptypage, suppressing the page number as well as the running head. The page is thus entirely empty. If another page style is wanted for the interleaf page is may be set with the argument of \cleardoubleoddusingpagestyle. Every already defined page style (see chapter 5 ) may be used. Sometimes chapters should not start on the right-hand page but the left-hand page. This is in contradition to the classic typography; nevertheless, it may be suitable, e. g., if the double-page spread of the chapter start is of special contents. KOMA-Script there- for provides the commands \cleardoubleevenstandardpage, \cleardoubleevenplainpage, \cleardoubleevenemptypage , and \cleardoubleevenpageusingstyle, which are equivalent to the odd-page commands. However, the approach used by the KOMA-Script commands \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleemptypage , \cleardoubleplainpage, and \cleardoublepageusingstyle is dependent on the option cleardoublepage described above and is similar to one of the corre- sponding commands above. The same is valid for the standard command \cleardoublepage, that may be either \cleardoubleoddpage or \cleardoubleevenpage. Example: Assume you want to set next in your document a double-page spread with a picture at the left-hand page and a chapter start at the right-hand page. The picture should have the same size as the text area without any head line or pagination. If the last chapter ends with a left-hand page, an interleaf page has to be added, 79 Chapter 3. which should be completely empty. First you will use \KOMAoptions{cleardoublepage=empty} to make interleaf pages empty. You may use this setting at the document pream- ble already. As an alternative you may set it as the optional argument of \documentclass . At the relevant place in your document, you’ll write: \cleardoubleevenemptypage \thispagestyle{empty} \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,% height=\textheight,% keepaspectratio]% {picture} \chapter{Chapter Headline} The first of these lines switches to the next left page. If needed it also adds a completely blank right-hand page. The second line makes sure that the following left-hand page will be set using page style empty too. From third down to sixth line, an external picture of wanted size will be loaded without deformation. Package graphicx will be needed for this command. The last line starts a new chapter on the next page which will be a right-hand one.
KOMA-Script, unlike the standard classes, provides features for configuration of the footnote block format. footnotes=setting v3.00 Footnotes will be marked with a tiny superscript number in text by default. If more than one footnote falls at the same place, one may think that it is only one footnote with a very large number instead of multiple footnotes (i. e., footnote 12 instead of footnotes 1 and 2). Using footnotes=multiple will separate multiple footnotes immediately next to each other by a separator string. The predefined separator at \multfootsep is a single comma without space. The whole mechanism is compatible with package footmisc, Version 5.3d (see [ Fai11
]). It is related not only to footnotes placed using \footnote, but \footnotemark too. Command \KOMAoptions or \KOMAoption may be used to switch back to the default footnotes=nomultiple at any time. If any problems using another package that influences footnotes occur, it is recommended not to use the option anywhere and not to change the setting anywhere inside the document. 80 Chapter 3. Table 3.11.: Available values for option footnotes setting up footnotes multiple
At sequences of immediately following footnote marks, consecutive marks will be separated by \multfootsep. nomultiple Immediately following footnotes will be handled like single footnotes and not sepa- rated from each other. A summary of the available setting values of footnotes may be found at table 3.11 , page 80 . \footnote[number ]{text } \footnotemark[number ] \footnotetext[number ]{text } \multiplefootnoteseparator \multfootsep Similar to the standard classes, footnotes in KOMA-Script are produced with the \footnote command, or alternatively the paired usage of the commands \footnotemark and \footnotetext. As in the standard classes, it is possible that a page break occurs within a footnote. Normally this happens if the footnote mark is placed so near the bottom of a page as to leave L A TEX no choice but to break the footnote onto the next page. KOMA-Script v3.00 , unlike the standard classes, can recognize and separate consecutive footnotes automatically. See the previously documented option footnotes for this. If you want to set the separator manually, you may use \multiplefootnoteseparator. Note that this command should not be redefined, because it has been defined not only to be the separator string but also the type style, i. e., font size and superscript. The separator string without type style may be found at \multfootsep. The predefined default is \newcommand*{\multfootsep}{,} and may be changed by redefining the command.
try
Word\footnote{1st footnote}\footnote{2nd footnote} for this. Assume that the footnotes will be numbered with 1 and 2. Now the reader may think it’s a single footnote 12, because the 2 immediately follows the 1. You may change this using \KOMAoptions{footnotes=multiple}
81 Chapter 3. which would switch on the automatic recognition of footnote sequences. As an alternative you may use Word\footnote{1st footnote}% \multiplefootnoteseparator \footnote{2nd footnote} This should give you the wanted result even if the automatic solution would fail or could not be used. Further, assume you want the footnotes separated not only by a single comma, but by a comma and a white space. In this case you may redefine \renewcommand*{\multfootsep}{,\nobreakspace} at the document preamble. \nobreakspace instead of a usual space character has been used in this case to avoid paragraph or at least page breaks within footnote sequences. \footref{reference } Sometimes v3.00
there are single footnotes to multiple text passages. The least sensible way to typeset this would be to repeatedly use \footnotemark with the same manually set number. The disadvantages of this method would be that you have to know the number and manually fix all the \footnotemark commands, and if the number changes because of adding or removing a footnote before, each \footnotemark would have to be changed. Because of this, KOMA- Script provides the use of the \label mechanism in such cases. After simply setting a \label inside the footnote, \footref may be used to mark all the other text passages with the same footnote mark. Example: Maybe you have to mark each trade name with a footnote which states that it is a registered trade name. You may write, e. g., Company SplishSplash\footnote{This is a registered trade name. All rights are reserved.\label{refnote}} produces not only SplishPlump\footref{refnote} but also SplishPlash\footref{refnote}. This will produce the same footnote mark three times, but only one footnote text. The first footnote mark is produced by \footnote itself, and the following two footnote marks are produced by the additional \footref commands. The footnote text will be produced by \footnote. Because of setting the additional footnote marks using the \label mechanism, changes of the footnote numbers will need at least two L A TEX runs to ensure correct numbers for all \footref marks. 82 Chapter 3. Figure 3.1.: Parameters that con- trol the footnote layout first paragraph of a footnote next paragraph of a footnote -
-
-
\deffootnote[mark width ]{indent }{parindent }{definition } \deffootnotemark{definition } \thefootnotemark Footnotes are formatted slightly differently in KOMA-Script to in the standard classes. As in the standard classes the footnote mark in the text is depicted using a small superscripted number. The same formatting is used in the footnote itself. The mark in the footnote is type-set right-aligned in a box with width mark width . The first line of the footnote follows directly. All following lines will be indented by the length of indent . If the optional parameter
is not specified, it defaults to indent . If the footnote consists of more than one paragraph, then the first line of a paragraph is indented, in addition to indent , by the value of parindent . Figure 3.1 illustrates the layout parameters. The default configuration of the KOMA-Script classes is: \deffootnote[1em]{1.5em}{1em} {\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}} \textsuperscript controls both the superscript and the smaller font size. Command \thefootnotemark is the current footnote mark without any formatting. The
v2.8q font element footnote determines the font of the footnote including the footnote mark. Using the element footnotelabel the font of the footnote mark can be changed separately with the commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see section 3.6 , page 53 ). Please refer also to table 3.2 , page 54 . Default setting is no change in the font. The footnote mark in the text is defined separately from the mark in front of the actual footnote. This is done with \deffootnotemark. Default setting is: \deffootnotemark{% \textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}} In the above v2.8q the font for the element footnotereference is applied (see table 3.2 , page 54 ). Thus the footnote marks in the text and in the footnote itself are identical. The font can be changed with the commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see section 3.6 , page 53
). Example: A feature often asked for is footnote marks which are neither in superscript nor in a smaller font size. They should not touch the footnote text but be separated by a small space. This can be accomplished as follows: \deffootnote{1em}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\ } 83 Chapter 3. The footnote mark and the following space are therefore set right-aligned into a box of width 1 em. The following lines of the footnote text are also indented by 1 em from the left margin. Another often requested footnote layout is left-aligned footnote marks. These can be obtained with: \deffootnote{1.5em}{1em}{% \makebox[1.5em][l]{\thefootnotemark}} If you want however only to change the font for all footnotes, for example to sans serif, you can solve this problem simply by using the commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see section 3.6 , page 53 : \setkomafont{footnote}{\sffamily} As demonstrated with the examples above, the simple user interface of KOMA-Script provides a great variety of different footnote formattings. \setfootnoterule[thickness ]{length } Generally v3.06 a horizontal rule will be placed between the text area and the footnote area. But normally this rule is not as long as the width of the typing area. With Command \setfootnoterule you may change the thickness and the width of that rule. Thereby the parameters thickness and length will be evaluated not at definition time but when setting the rule itself. If optional argument thickness ha been omitted the thickness of the rule will not be changed. Empty arguments thickness or length are also allowed and do not change the corresponding parameter. Using implausible values may result in warning messages not only setting the arguments but also when KOMA-Script uses the parameters. With element footnoterule the color v3.07
of the rule may be changed using the commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see section 3.6 , page 53
). Default is no change of font or color. For color changes a color package like xcolor would be needed. 3.15. Demarcation scrbook
Sometimes books are roughly separated into front matter, main matter, and back matter. KOMA-Script provides this for scrbook also. \frontmatter \mainmatter \backmatter The macro \frontmatter introduces the front matter in which roman numerals are used for the page numbers. Chapter headings in a front matter are not numbered. The section titles which would be numbered start at chapter 0, and would be consecutively numbered across 84 Chapter 3. chapter boundaries. However, this is of no import, as the front matter is used only for the title pages, table of contents, lists of figures and tables, and a foreword. The foreword can thus be set as a normal chapter. A foreword should never be divided into sections but kept as short as possible. Therefore, in the foreword there is no need for a deeper structuring than the chapter level. In case the user sees things differently and wishes to use numbered sections in the chapters of the front matter, as of version 2.97e v2.97e
the section numbering no longer contains the chapter number. This change only takes effect when the compatibility option is set to at least ver- sion 2.97e (see option version, section 3.2 , page 29
). It is explicity noted that this creates a confusion with chapter numbers! The use of \addsec and \section* (see section 3.16 , page 94 and page 94
) are thus, in the author’s opinion, far more preferable. As of version 2.97e v2.97e the numbering of float environments, such as tables and figures, and equation numbers in the front matter also contain no chapter number part. To take effect this too requires the corresponding compatibility setting (see option version, section 3.2 , page 29 ). \mainmatter introduces the main matter with the main text. If there is no front matter, then this command can be omitted. The default page numbering in the main matter uses Arabic numerals (re)starting in the main matter at 1. The back matter is introduced with \backmatter. Opinions differ in what should be part of the back matter. So in some cases you will find only the bibliography, in some cases only the index, and in other cases both of these as well as the appendices. The chapters in the back matter are similar to the chapters in the front matter, but page numbering is not reset. If you do require separate page numbering you may use the command \pagenumbering from section 3.12 , page 76 . 3.16. Structuring of Documents Structuring of documents means to divide them into parts, chapters, sections, and several other structural elements. open=method scrbook ,
KOMA-Script classes scrbook and scrreprt give you the choice of where to start a new chapter with double-sided printing. By default scrreprt starts a new chapter at the next page. This is like method any. However, scrbook starts new chapters at the next right-hand page. This is like method right and is usually used in books. But sometimes chapters should start at the left-hand page of a double-page spread. This would be accomplished with method left v3.00
. An overview of the supported methods may be found at table 3.12 . The table also describes the effect on \cleardoublepage, \cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleplainpage , and \cleardoubleemptypage (see section 3.13 , page 78
). Since L
A TEX does not differentiate between left-hand and right-hand pages in single-sided printing, the option does not have any influence in that case.
85 Chapter 3. Table 3.12.: Available values for option open to select page breaks with interleaf pages using scrbook or scrreprt any Parts, chapter, index, and back matter use \clearpage instead of \cleardoublepage ;\cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleplainpage , \cleardoubleemptypage , and \cleardoublepage behaves same like using open=right. left
Part, chapter, index and back matter use \cleardoublepage;\cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage , \cleardoubleplainpage, \cleardoubleemptypage, and \cleardoublepage result in a page break and add an interleaf page if needed to reach the next left-hand page. right
Part, chapter, index and back matter use \cleardoublepage;\cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage , \cleardoubleplainpage, \cleardoubleemptypage, and \cleardoublepage result in a page break and add an interleaf page if needed to reach the next right-hand page. In class scrartcl the section is the first structural element below the part. Because of this, scrartcl does not support this option. chapterprefix=simple switch appendixprefix=simple switch \IfChapterUsesPrefixLine{then code }{else code } With the standard classes book and report, a chapter title consists of a line with the word scrbook
, scrreprt
“Chapter” 1 followed by the chapter number. The title itself is set left-justified on the following lines. The same effect is obtained in KOMA-Script with the option chapterprefix. Any value from table table 2.5 , page 38 may be used as simple switch . The default, however, is chapterprefix=false, which is opposite of the behaviour of the standard classes, which would correspond to chapterprefix=true. These options also affect the automatic running titles in the headers (see section 3.12 , page 73 ). Sometimes one wishes to have the chapter titles in simplified form according to chapterprefix=false . But at the same time, one wishes a title of an appendix to be pre- ceded by a line with “Appendix” followed by the appendix letter. This is achieved by using the appendixprefix option (see table 2.5 , page 38 ). Since this results in an inconsistent document layout, I advise against using this option. Final consequence of using the option is, that \appendix changes setting of option chapterprefix. 1 When using another language the word “Chapter” is naturally translated to the appropriate language. 86 Chapter 3. You v3.18
can execute code depending on the current setting for the chapter preceding line using \IfChapterUsesPrefixLine . If chapterprefix is currently active, the then code will be executed, otherwise the else code . The font style of the chapter number line using chapterprefix=true or appendixprefix=true may be changed with element chapterprefix v2.96a
using commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see section 3.6 , page 53
). Default is the usage of element chapter (see page 89 , as well as table 3.15 , page 92 ). headings=selection The font size used for the titles is relatively big, both with the standard classes and with KOMA-Script. Not everyone likes this choice; moreover it is especially problematic for small paper sizes. Consequently, KOMA-Script provides, besides the large title font size defined by the headings=big v3.00 option, the two options headings=normal and headings=small, that allow for smaller title font sizes. The font sizes for headings resulting from these options for scrbook and scrreprt are shown in table 3.15 , page 92 . Respectively, the fonts of the elements chapter
, section, subsection, subsubsection, paragraph, and subparagraph will be reset to these default. For scrartcl, smaller font sizes are generally used. The spacing before and after chapter titles scrbook
, scrreprt
is also influenced by these options. Chapter titles are also influenced by the options headings=twolinechapter and headings=onelinechapter, that are same as chapterprefix=true and chapterprefix=false (see above). The appendix titles are influenced by headings=twolineappendix and headings=onelineappendix, that are the same as the options appendixprefix=true and appendixprefix=false (see also above). The method of beginning new chapters may be switched by headings=openany, scrbook
, scrreprt
headings=openright , and headings=openleft alternatively to option open with the values any , right, and left (see above). Another v3.10
special feature of KOMA-Script is the handling of the optional argument of the structural commands \part, \chapter, etc., down to \subparagraph. Function and mean- ing may be influenced by the options headings=optiontohead, headings=optiontotoc, and headings=optiontoheadandtoc . A summary of all the available selections of option headings may be found in table 3.13 . Examples are at the following description of the structural commands. Table 3.13.: Available values for option headings to select different kinds of structural headings big
Use very large headings with large distances above and below. . . .
87 Chapter 3. Table 3.13.: Available values for option headings (continuation) normal
Use mid-size headings with medium distances above and below. onelineappendix , noappendixprefix, appendixwithoutprefix, appendixwithoutprefixline Chapter headings at the appendix will be set like other headings too. onelinechapter , nochapterprefix, chapterwithoutprefix, chapterwithoutprefixline Chapter headings will be set like other headings too. openany
The commands \cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleplainpage , \cleardoubleemptypage, and \cleardoublepage be- have same like using headings=openright.Parts, chapter, index, and back matter use \clearpage instead of \cleardoublepage. openleft
The commands \cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleplainpage , \cleardoubleemptypage , and \cleardoublepage generate a page break and if needed insert an interleaf page to reach the next left-hand page at double-page printing.Part, chapter, index and back matter use \cleardoublepage . openright The commands \cleardoublepageusingstyle, \cleardoublestandardpage, \cleardoubleplainpage , \cleardoubleemptypage , and \cleardoublepage generate a page break and if needed insert an interleaf page to reach the next right-hand page at double-page printing.Part, chapter, index and back matter use \cleardoublepage . optiontohead The v3.10
advanced functionality of the optional argument of the structural commands \part
down to \subparagraph will be activated. By default the optional argument will be used for the running head only. optiontoheadandtoc , optiontotocandhead The v3.10
advanced functionality of the optional argument of the structural commands \part
down to \subparagraph will be activated. By default the optional argument will be used for the running head and the table of contents. . . .
88 Chapter 3. Table 3.13.: Available values for option headings (continuation) optiontotoc The v3.10
advanced functionality of the optional argument of the structural commands \part
down to \subparagraph will be activated. By default the optional argument will be used for the table of contents only. small Use small headings with small distances above and below. twolineappendix , appendixprefix, appendixwithprefix, appendixwithprefixline Chapters at the appendix will be set with a number line with the contents of \chapterformat . twolinechapter , chapterprefix, chapterwithprefix, chapterwithprefixline Chapters will be set with a number line with the contents of \chapterformat. numbers= selection In German, according to DUDEN
, the numbering of sectional units should have no period at the end if only arabic numbers are used (see [ DUD96 , R 3]). On the other hand, if roman numerals or letters are appear in the numbering, then a period should appear at the end of the numbering (see [ DUD96 , R 4]). KOMA-Script has an internal mechanism that tries to implement this somewhat complex rule. The resulting effect is that, normally, after the sectional commands \part and \appendix a switch is made to numbering with an ending period. The information is saved in the aux file and takes effect on the next L A TEX run.
In some cases the mechanism for placing or leaving off the ending period may fail, or other languagues may have different rules. Therefore it is possible to activate the use of the ending period manually with the option numbers=endperiod or to deactivate it with numbers=noendperiod . Default is numbers=autoendperiod with auto detection whether to set the period or not. Please note that the mechanism only takes effect on the next L A TEX run. Therefore, before trying to use these options to forcibly control the numbering format, a further run without changing any options should be made. The available values are summarized in table 3.14 . Unlike most other selections, this option may be changed at the document preamble, before \begin{document}, only. chapteratlists chapteratlists =value As mentioned in section 3.20 , page 127 , normally, every chapter entry generated with \chapter scrbook
, scrreprt
introduces vertical spacing into the lists of floats. Since version 2.96a v2.96a
this applies also for the 89 Chapter 3. Table 3.14.: Available values of option numbers for selection of the period at the end of numbers of structural headings autoendperiod , autoenddot, auto KOMA-Script decides, whether or not to set the period at the end of the numbers. The numbers consists in Arabic digits only, the period will be omitted. If there are alphabetic characters or roman numbers the period will always be set. References to numbers will be set without ending period always. endperiod , withendperiod, periodatend, enddot, withenddot, dotatend All numbers of structural commands and all dependent numbers will be set with ending period. Only references will be set without the ending period. noendperiod , noperiodatend, noenddot, nodotatend All the numbers are without ending period. command \addchap, if no compatibility option to an earlier version was chosen (see option version in
, page 29
). Furthermore, now the option chapteratlists can be used to change the spacing, by passing the desired distance as value . The default setting with listof=chaptergapsmall is 10 pt. If chapteratlists=entry or chapteratlists without value is specified, then instead of a vertical distance, the chapter entry itself will be entered into the lists. This will be done even if there’s no floating environment inside of the chapter. Please note that changes to the option will only become effective in the lists following two more L
A TEX runs. \part[short version ]{heading } \chapter[short version ]{heading } \section[short version ]{heading } \subsection[short version ]{heading } \subsubsection[short version ]{heading } \paragraph[short version ]{heading } \subparagraph[short version ]{heading } The standard sectioning commands in KOMA-Script work in a similar fashion to those of the standard classes. Thus, an alternative entry for the table of contents and running headings can be specified as an optional argument to the sectioning commands. In addition to this, with v3.10
option headings=optiontohead, KOMA-Script does not use the optional argument short version at the table of contents, but for the running head only. Nevertheless, such a running head needs an appropriate page style. See section 3.12 and chapter 5 about this. With option headings=optiontotoc, KOMA-Script does not use the optional argument short version for the running head, but at the table of contents. Nev- ertheless, the entry will be shown only if counter tocdepth (see section 3.9 , page 68
) is great 90 Chapter 3. enough. With option headings=optiontoheadandtoc, KOMA-Script uses the optional argu- ment short version in both the table of contents and running head. All these three selections will also activate the extended interpretation of the optional argument short version , which is not active by default. The v3.10
extended interpretation of the optional argument determines whether there’s an equal- ity sign in short version . If so, the optional argument will be interpreted as option list instead of simple short version . Thereby the two options head=running head and tocentry=table of contents entry are supported. Commas or equality signs inside of the values of those options will be accepted only if they are enclosed by braces. Please note that this mechanism is only functional as long as KOMA-Script controls the described commands. From using a package that controls the sectioning commands or the internal L A TEX kernel commands for sectioning commands, KOMA-Script can no longer provide this extended mechanism. This is also valid for the always active extension of KOMA-Script to not create entries to the table of contents if the text of the entry is empty. If you really want an entry with empty heading text, you may use an invisible entry like \mbox{} instead.
These headings should be shown in the table of contents too. But for the running head you want only single-line short headings. You will do this using the optional argument of \chapter. \chapter[short version of chapter heading] {The Structural Sectioning Command for Chapters Supports not only the Heading Text itself but also a Short Version with Selectable Usage}
Sometimes later you become aware that the automatic line breaking of this heading is somehow inappropriate. Therefore you want to make the breaking yourself. Nev- ertheless, the automatic line breaking should be still used at the table of contents. With
\chapter[head={short version of chapter heading}, tocentry={The Structural Sectioning Command for Chapters Supports not only the Heading Text itself but also a Short Version with Selectable Usage}] {The Structural\\ Sectioning Command for Chapters\\ Supports not only\\ the Heading Text itself\\ but also\\
91 Chapter 3. a Short Version\\ with Selectable Usage} you use independent entries for table of contents, running head, and the chapter heading itself. The arguments of the options head and tocentry have been en- closed into braces, so the contents of the options cannot influence the interpretation of the optional argument. The recommendation of the braces in the example above will make more sense with one more example. Assume you’re using option headings=optiontotoc and now have a heading: \section[head=\emph{value}] {Option head=\emph{value}} This would result in the entry “Option head=value” at the table of contents but “value” at the running head. But surely you wanted the entry “head=value” at the table of contents and the complete heading text at the running head. You may do this using braces: \section[head{=}\emph{value}] {Option head=\emph{value}} A similar case would be a comma. With the same headings option like before: \section[head=0, 1, 2, 3, \dots] {Natural Numbers Including the Zero} would result in an error, because the comma would be interpreted as the separator between the single options of the option list “0, 1, 2, 3, \dots”. But writing \section[head={0, 1, 2, 3, \dots}] {Natural Numbers Including the Zero} will change “0, 1, 2, 3, \dots” into the argument of option head. The title of the level part (\part) is distinguished from other sectioning levels by being numbered independently from the other parts. This means that the chapter level (in scrbook or scrreprt), or the section level (in scrartcl) is numbered consecutively over all parts. Furthermore, for classes scrbook and scrreprt, the title of the part level together with the corresponding scrbook
, scrreprt
preamble (see \setpartpreamble, page 101
) is set on a separate page. \chapter
only exists in book or report classes, that is, in classes book, scrbook, report and scrbook
, scrreprt
scrreport, but not in the article classes article and scrartcl. In addition to this, the command \chapter
in KOMA-Script differs substantially from the version in the standard class. In the standard classes the chapter number is used together with the prefix “Chapter”, or the corre- sponding word in the appropriate language, on a separate line above the actual chapter title text. This overpowering style is replaced in KOMA-Script by a simple chapter number before the chapter heading text, but can be reverted by the option chapterprefix (see page 85
). 92 Chapter 3. Table 3.15.: Default font sizes for differ- ent levels of document structuring in scrbook and scrreprt Class Option Element Default
headings=big part
\Huge partnumber \huge chapter
\huge section
\Large subsection \large subsubsection \normalsize paragraph \normalsize subparagraph \normalsize headings=normal part \huge
partnumber \huge
chapter \LARGE
section \Large
subsection \large
subsubsection \normalsize paragraph \normalsize subparagraph \normalsize headings=small part
\LARGE partnumber \LARGE chapter
\Large section
\large subsection \normalsize subsubsection \normalsize paragraph \normalsize subparagraph \normalsize Please note that \part and \chapter in classes scrbook and scrreprt change the page style for scrbook ,
one page. The applied page style in KOMA-Script is defined in the macros \partpagestyle and \chapterpagestyle (see section 3.12 , page 75 ). The font of all headings v2.8p can be changed with the commands \setkomafont and \addtokomafont (see
section 3.6 , page 53 ). In doing this, generally the element disposition is used, followed by a specific element for every section level (see table 3.2 , page 54 ). The font for the element disposition is predefined as \normalcolor\sffamily\bfseries. The default font size for the specific elements depends on the options headings=big, headings=normal and headings=small (see page 86 ). The defaults are listed in table 3.15 .
headings of document parts are too bold. You could change this as follows:
|