Oecd covid survey eag indd
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Excluding school holidays, public holidays and weekends, between 1 January 2020 and 20 May 2021
1. Most typical number of instruction days. For Colombia, some schools were fully closed during the period from September to December 2020 while others were partially open in hybrid mode for 65 days. 2. Minimum number of instruction days in 2020. 3. Different school holiday schedules explain the higher number of instruction days when schools were fully closed at pre-primary compared to primary education. Countries and economies are ranked in descending order of the number of days schools were fully closed in upper secondary education between 1 January 2020 and 20 May 2021. Source: OECD/UIS/UNESCO/UNICEF/WB (2021 [1] ). million inhabitants over this period. In contrast, infection rates were lower in Denmark, Germany and Mexico, although the three countries closed their upper secondary schools for more than 60 days in 2021. In many countries, schools did not fully close, but remained open with reduced capacity in 2020 and until May 2021. Upper secondary schools were partially open at least 100 days over this period in Belgium, Colombia, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Learning in upper secondary schools was disrupted (full or partial closure) by more than 200 days in Colombia, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland and Turkey between January 2020 and May 2021 compared to less than 50 days in New Zealand, Norway and Spain. 12 © OECD 2021 The State of Global Education: 18 Months into the Pandemic Criteria for deciding to close a school are set centrally in most countries Central governments play a major role in decisions related to the closure or reopening of lower secondary schools. Among the 37 countries and economies reporting to the Special Survey on COVID-19, these decisions were taken by the central government in about two-thirds of them, or at a lower level of government within a framework set at the central level in another 6 (Figure 4). Even in countries such as the Netherlands, where nearly all decisions are taken at school level in public lower secondary education (Figure D6.1 in OECD (2018 [5] )), the decisions on school closures are taken at the central level. Nevertheless, in some countries, such as Denmark and Finland, regional or local authorities can also decide on local school closures in addition to decisions taken at the central level. Central governments continue to play a major role in decision making concerning the national sanitary measures for school reopening, either deciding on these issues (in 15 out of 36 countries) or setting frameworks for these decisions (in 8 countries). This reflects the co-ordination with national health authorities on whether to close or open schools. However, in some countries such as Colombia and Lithuania, central government decided to reopen schools, but subnational entities had the authority to override national recommendations based on the local state of the pandemic. Policies for closing classes (and in rare or extreme cases, schools) in case of a positive test for one or more students were generally the same for primary and lower secondary schools across all countries. Closure strategies in higher education were more flexible. Number of days where schools were partially closed between January 2020 and 20 May 2021 Number of days where schools were fully closed between 1 January 2021 and 20 May 2021 Number of days where schools were fully closed in 2020 Number of days 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 M ex ic o Po la nd C os ta R ic a H un ga ry C ze ch R ep ub lic C ol om bi a³ Tu rk ey La tv ia Lit hu an ia Sl ov en ia Is ra el A us tri a O EC D a ve ra ge C hi le Es to ni a² Po rtu ga l En gl an d (U K) D en m ar k G er m an y Sw ed en Ire la nd Sw itz er la nd Ko re a² Fi nl an d² Fr an ce Be lg iu m Sp ai n N et he rla nd s N or w ay Lu xe m bo ur g N ew Z ea la nd Br az il¹ Sl ov ak R ep ub lic ¹ Ita ly ¹ G re ec e¹ Ru ss ia n Fe de ra tio n¹ Figure 3• Number of instruction days that upper secondary general schools were fully or partially closed in 2020 and 2021 Excluding school holidays, public holidays and weekends, between 1 January 2020 and 20 May 2021 1. Data for 2021 and on number of days schools were partially open are missing. 2. Data on the number of days schools were partially open are missing. 3. Some schools were fully closed during the period from September to December 2020 while others were partially open in hybrid mode for 65 days. Countries and economies are ranked in descending order of the number of days schools were fully closed in upper secondary education between 1 January 2020 and 20 May 2021. Source: OECD/UIS/UNESCO/UNICEF/WB (2021 [1] ). © OECD 2021 13 The State of Global Education: 18 Months into the Pandemic Positive cases of COVID-19 in higher education institutions were generally less likely to result in the closure of classes than at other levels of education, and instead led to the isolation of the infected student(s) for a set quarantine period. This is not surprising, as tertiary institutions were already heavily engaged in remote teaching and learning strategies in 2021, facilitating social distancing. Only in a few countries (Korea, Latvia and New Zealand) did certain schools shut down entirely when a positive case of COVID-19 was detected among students or staff. In Korea, for instance, a Yüklə 0,65 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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