Oligopoliya va monopolistik raqobat Mikroiqtisodiyot

Siniq talab egri chizig'i nazariyasi

Asosiy xulosa shuki, agar bitta firma narxni pasaytirsa, boshqa firmalar ham shunday qilishadi, lekin agar bitta firma narxni ko'tarsa, boshqa firmalar ham bunga amal qilmaydi.

Siniq talab nazariyasi haqidagi kuzatishlar

• Agar oligopolistik firmalar talabning siniq egri chiziqlariga duch kelsa, narxlar "yopishqoq" bo'ladi. Xarajatlar ma'lum chegaralar ichida o'zgarishi mumkin va bunday firmalar o'z narxlarini o'zgartirmaydi, chunki ular raqobatchilardan hech kim ularga ergashib narxini oshirmasligini, balki ularning hammasi narxlarning pasayishiga ergashishlarini bilishadi.
• Siniq talab egri chizig'i, oligopoliyadagi narxlar boshqa bozor tuzilmalariga qaraganda kamroq moslashuvchan bo'lishini tushuntiradi.

Narxlar etakchiligi nazariyasi

• Tarmoqda dominant firma deb ataladigan bitta firma narxni belgilaydi va boshqa barcha firmalar bu narxni berilganidek qabul qiladi.
• Dominant firma foydani maksimallashtiradigan darajada bahoni belgilaydi va boshqa barcha firmalar bu narxni berilganidek qabul qiladi.
• Boshqa barcha firmalar narx oluvchi sifatida qaraladi. Ular narxni o'zlarining mos marjinal xarajatlar bilan tenglashtiradilar.

Price Leadership Theory

There is one dominant firm and a number of fringe firms. The horizontal sum of the marginal cost curves of the fringe firms is the supply curve. At P1, the fringe firms supply the entire market. The dominant firm derives its demand curve by computing the difference between market demand, D, and MCF at each price below P1. It then produces qDN and charges PDN. PDN becomes the price that the fringe firms take. They equate price and marginal cost and produce qF in (a). The remainder of the output is produced by the dominant firm.

Q & A

• The text states, “Firms have an incentive to form a cartel, but once it is formed, they have an incentive to cheat.” What, specifically, is the incentive to form the cartel and what is the incentive to cheat?
• What explains the kink in the kinked demand curve theory of oligopoly?
• According to the price leadership theory of oligopoly, how does the dominant firm determine what price to charge?