O’zbekiston respublikasi Oliy va O’rta maxsus xalq ta’lim vazirligi tiqxmmi milliy tadqiqot universitetining Qarshi Irrigatsiya va agrotexnologiyalari insituti

3. Actions against globalizing climate change
Economic development enhances human society, but at the same time, it can deteriorate the natural environment in deforestation, soil degradation, and the extinction of species, among others. This highlights the essential need to promote economic development in harmony with the natural environment. JICA pursues harmony between human activity and the natural environment in providing development cooperation in the following strategic areas, thus contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13, 14, and 15. In the process, JICA promotes cooperation with other donors and the private sector. To enhance the financial sustainability of the recipient country, the scope of such cooperation includes the promotion of access to external funds.
As the waste problem is closely associated with the level of economic development, JICA’s cooperation accommodates different development stages, covering public health and sanitation or reducing environmental stress and establishing a sound material-cycle society. It also contributes to preventing the worsening global challenge of marine plastic waste by promoting appropriate solid waste management.
For urban areas, JICA works with Japanese local governments—which are the water service providers in Japan—to support infrastructure development with financial assistance as well as capacity building aimed at improving the financial status and services of water supply utilities. JICA’s development cooperation for rural communities is designed to contribute to (1) developing water supply facilities while securing safe water sources; (2) strengthening sustainable operation and maintenance; (3) reinforcing their resilience to droughts and other effects of climate change; and (4) improving their health and nutritional status through hygiene such as hand washing
A parcel arrives with a new garment you ordered online for a wedding but never wear and eventually throw away with tags on. You decide it’s cheaper to buy a new pair of boots instead of repairing a small hole. You impulsively buy a trend piece from Instagram that you ultimately decide does not suit you. It’s hard to connect the dots between these regular occurrences and environmental despair. But the fashion industry has created a short lifecycle for clothing and mass consumption has a disastrous environmental impact.
UN Conference on Trade and Development says that the fashion industry is the second most polluting industry in the world. Clothing is no longer a functional purchase but rather a compulsion and a source of entertainment.
The environmental impacts of our consumption patterns are vast. But in order to make true sustainable and meaningful change we must first understand the specific consequences that the fashion industry has on the planet.
The production, manufacturing and transportation of clothing emits massive quantities of carbon into the environment. It has been widely reported that the fashion industry accounts for an astonishing 10% of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity. For perspective, this is more than all international flights and maritime shipping combined.
Part of this problem is caused by the sheer quantity of clothing and textiles that we are producing and buying. People now consume 80 billion new pieces of clothing each year. This is 400% more than we consumed two decades ago. Trends move at a frenetic pace and people feel compelled to purchase far more than they need in order to stay relevant and gain status. More clothes inevitably lead to more emissions through usage, in the form of washing, drying and ironing.
Another aspect of rising carbon emissions is the material that clothing and textiles are created from. The increasingly popular use of relatively cheap materials like polyester results in nearly 3 times higher emissions of CO2 than materials like cotton.
The only way to combat the serious environmental impacts of the fashion industry and curb emissions are initiatives towards renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, widespread operational improvements and concerted efforts from the industry and consumers to change and become more sustainable.
There is no question that the fashion industry is heavily responsible for polluting land and water. In fact, the fashion industry is responsible for 20% of all industrial water pollution worldwide. Garments contain large amounts of hazardous chemicals because of the way that they are produced and manufactured. It is estimated that 1,900 individual microfibers and microplastics are released into the water when we wash our clothes. Marine life are then ingesting tiny fibres in synthetic materials. In fact studies have found that synthetic microfibers are at risk of poisoning the food chain.
The heavy use of chemicals used during the farming of raw materials, fibre production, dying and processing fabric and textiles has a severe environmental impact. Around 8,000 synthetic chemicals are used in the fashion, textile and footwear industry to turn raw materials into final products. This is not only harmful to the natural environment but poses serious health risks to the people involved in manufacturing and producing fashion items.