Figure 2) is being pumped through the line W-12 entering PUMP-5. The pumped seawater is then introduced into the desalter unit where filtration is carried out. Desalter unit is comprised of various membranes such as sand, anthracite, gravel, by means of which water is filtered and the residual contaminants, including salt crystals, are removed. Water injection is one of EOR mechanisms which is applied to increase or maintain the rate of crude oil production over a long term; hence, the filtration of seawater is a vital stage to prepare water for injection. Although corrosion and scaling risks in tubing or injection flowlines still stays, the water that is being generated due to the incompatibility is most commonly being injected back into the formation with the aim of mitigating any formation damage. Once the seawater is gone through filtration and deoxygenation processes, it can be applied as one of the best mechanisms of pressure maintenance in offshore installations. Although the amount of pumped seawater may vary, in this design project, it was taken to be the same as the amount of produced crude oil per day, namely 12,000 bbl/day.
