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The results obtained and their analysis

Drying characteristics of mulberry at different temperatures and convection drying capacities. Drying curves and drying rate curves for mulberries at different temperatures and convective drying capacities are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. Figure 2 shows that the drying time decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the drying temperature increased. The drying time for mulberry at 70 °C was much shorter than the drying time for mulberry at 65 °C.

Figure 2. Combined convection-IR drying curves for mulberries at different convection drying temperatures (a) and IR radiation power (b)


Effective moisture diffusion coefficient in mulberries at different temperatures and drying capacities. Table 2 shows the effective moisture diffusion coefficients for combined convection-IR drying of mulberries under various test conditions. Table 2 shows that the drying temperature has a significant effect on the effective moisture diffusion coefficient; as the convective drying temperature increases, the drying temperature increases.
Table 2
Effective diffusion coefficients of mulberry under different drying conditions

Drying conditions	Linear regression formula	R^2	(Deff.×10^-9 m^2/s)
65 °C, (230 W)	ln MR = -1.17×10^–4 -t-0.097	0.983	4.17
70 °C, (230 W)	ln MR = -2.53×10^–4 -t-0.118	0.985	5.69
75 °C, (230 W)	ln MR = -3.69×10^–4 -t-0.115	0.983	5.51
70 °C, (260 W)	ln MR = -2.32×10^–4 -t-0.124	0.981	5.29
70 °C, (280 W)	ln MR = -2.48×10^–4 -t-0.185	0.973	5.57

The effective moisture diffusion coefficient in the samples increased from 4.17×10^-9 m²/s at 65 °C to 5.69×10^-9 m²/s at 70 °C. At the same time it reached a maximum value of 5.57×10^-9 m²/s at 70 °C, (280 W). This indicates that the increase in temperature had a significant effect on increasing the effective moisture diffusion coefficient in silkworm. Therefore, production efficiency can be improved by increasing the production temperature on the basis of quality assurance.

While the change in the effective moisture diffusion coefficient in the samples with increasing drying power was less than the change in temperature: it was lowest at an IR power of 230W, at 4.17×10^-9 m²/s.

The effective moisture diffusion coefficient in combined convection-IR drying of mulberry is much higher than in microwave drying and amounts to 4.57×10^-10 m²/c [7].

This indicates that in combined convection-IR drying, the more penetrating infrared radiation can cause a change in the direction of internal mass transfer of the material from inside to outside. The effective moisture diffusion coefficient is increased and the dehumidification rate of silkworms is higher than in purely convection drying.