III.
Economic Analysis
5.
The ENPV is estimated at US$570 million and the ERR is 26.5 percent.
6.
The economic benefits consist of two parts:
a. Benefits from more profitable horticulture production: ENPV of US$542 million and ERR of 26.8 percent.
The World Bank
Agriculture Modernization Project (P158372)
Page 62 of 70
These benefits are assumed to be generated from 35,000 ha or 10 percent of total horticulture growing
areas in the country.
b. Benefits from investing in two ALCs: Economic NPV of US$28 million and ERR of 20.0 percent. The ALC
income would comprise rental of: (i) post-harvest processing/grading, sorting/packing facilities for a
range of fruit and vegetables products; and (ii) cold storage and frozen storage on a daily/monthly basis.
7.
The period of economic analysis is 15 years to account for the phasing and gestation period of the proposed
interventions. The conservative scenario is presented in the analysis and it represents the scope of profitability originated
from the conditions prevailing at the time of the project preparation.
IV.
GHG Emission Assessment
Background and Methodology
8.
In its 2012 Environment Strategy, the WB adopted a corporate mandate to conduct Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
emissions accounting for investment lending. The quantification of GHG emissions is an important step in managing and
ultimately reducing emissions and is becoming common practice for many international financial institutions. To assess
a project’s net carbon balance, the WB has adopted the Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) developed by FAO in
2010
71
. EX-ACT is a land-based appraisal system that allows the assessment of a project’s net carbon-balance, defined as
the net balance of CO
2
equivalent (tCO
2
-eq) GHGs that were emitted or sequestered as a result of project implementation
compared to a business-as-usual scenario. EX-ACT estimates the carbon stock changes (i.e. emissions or sinks of CO
2
) as
well as GHG emissions per unit of land, expressed in equivalent tons of CO
2
per hectare and year. EX-ACT can be applied
for a wide range of agriculture and forestry development projects as it covers a wide range of activities (e.g. afforestation,
agroforestry, improved crop and livestock production practices, improved water management, use of inputs, building of
infrastructure, etc.) and aims to support project designers in identifying project activities with high potential for climate
change mitigation and can thus support planning and decision-making.
Application of EX-ACT for the Project
9.
Project area relevant for analysis. The project finances several activities that can be captured with the GHG
accounting tool. Component 1 focuses on a set of interventions that aim to increase the adoption of improved agricultural
practices and nutrient management and includes the extension of orchards with perennial trees, in addition to
Component 2’s contribution. The project area, on which improved technologies are projected to be adopted, is 35,000
ha. The project will finance activities, which will: (i) change farming practices on this area, promoting adoption of
improved technologies and farming practices, and reduce the use of agricultural chemicals per hectare through precision
agriculture; and (ii) support the conversion of some land from production of annual cotton and wheat crops to perennial
fruits and vineyards. Expansion of will also encourage adoption of drip irrigation and other water-saving technologies,
which will replace water-intensive flood irrigation practiced on traditional gardens and fields. Component 3 finances the
construction of ALCs. The GHG accounting with EX-ACT for the project considers investments in agricultural research and
advisory services, changes in non-forest land use, and off-farm infrastructure and the resulting changes in EX-ACT’s “Land
Use Change”, “Crop Production”, and “Inputs Investments” modules.
10.
Assumptions. Uzbekistan has a warm temperature climate and dry climate. The dominate soil type is High Activity
Clay soil. The project implementation phase is 6 years and the capitalization phase 9 years. This amounts to 15 years total
duration, which is in the standard range for the use of EX-ACT and in line with the project’s economic and financial analysis
assumptions. For the analysis, the “Business as usual scenario” is expected not to differ from the “Baseline scenario”.
This default scenario is deemed reasonable as changes in agricultural activity depend on the technology available, which
71
http://www.fao.org/tc/exact/ex-act-home/en/
|