T.B. Mikheeva, M.V. Ereshchenko А: Good. = What?
(А: Хорошо. = Что?)
B: What? = To China.
(Б: Что? = В Китай)
The speakers pronounced standard nominations of minimum length,
which were sufficient for the listeners to respond to a statement.
Therefore, psycholinguistically, communication tasks at different
stages of training can be presented in the form of a set of exercises (training
and conditionally communicative) to master the means and methods of im-
plementing speech interaction aimed at developing speech skills. Pseudo-
communicativeness of such tasks is eliminated due to the availability of a
training task and incentives aimed at overcoming the communicative prob-
lem through a communication strategy. Training exercises are used at the
preliminary stage of teaching (elementary and basic levels of language profi-
ciency), and conditionally communicative exercises are used at the strategic
stage (I certification level). The preliminary stage consist of two stages: the
orientation stage and the training stage. At the orientation stage prior to the
start of completing a communication task dialogue partners get acquainted
with a block of grammatical, linguistic and strategic means necessary for
completing the task. At the training stage they train complex phonetical, lex-
ical and grammatical constructions. At the strategic stage information gap is
created and filled, communication tasks are completed, and communicative
problems are solved with the help of communicative strategies.
Strategic manipulation can be used for learning and adopting of dia-
logical structures. Thus, for example, it is possible to extend the elementary
cycle with the help of structural strategic components, request additional
information, introduce a new goal, and a scenario of avoiding a direct an-
swer or a respectful refusal.
In dialogical communication, the roles of communicants are often dis-
tributed unevenly: a communicant with a higher level of language proficien-
cy is an active dialogue partner, while a passive speaker gives the partner the
opportunity of taking the initiative, thereby using less lexical units and gen-
erating minimal syntactic constructions.
The introduction of a incentive (stimulus) entails a drastic change in
the situation - communicants interchange their roles and a new stimulus
serves as a signal for a subsequent exchange. It should be noted that the
leader of a dialogue immediately changes the pitch, tempo and loudness of
speech.