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AN INTRODUCTION TO OLD ENGLISH
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Ablaut, 54–6, 58–60, 62, 103–4, 128
adjectives, 24, 32–5
comparison, 50–1
definite vs. indefinite, 33–4, 128
Ælfric, 7, 12, 22, 23, 38, 45, 79, 117–19
affixation, 103, 105–7
prefixes, 105–6
separable vs. inseparable, 105
suffixes, 105, 106–7
affricates, 9
agreement, 75–7
subject-verb, 75–6
Alfred, 7, 12, 22, 79, 115, 116, 117
alliteration, 119–23
allophone, 9
anacrusis, 121
analogy, 61
Anglo-Saxon settlement, 1, 3–4, 6
approximants, 10
articles, 23
aspect, 40, 77–80
habitual, 80
perfective, 78–9
Bede, 1, 4, 12, 51–2
borrowing, 36, 46, 103, 109–13
Cædmon, 52, 126–7
case, 15, 68–74
accusative, 15–16, 69–70
dative, 16, 19, 70–1, 72
genitive, 16, 69, 73–4
instrumental, 19, 71–2
nominative, 15–16, 69, 99
possessive, 69, 71, 72
vocative, 69
cause, 99
Celtic, 1, 2, 112–13, 135
clauses, subordinate, 91–2
clitics, 69, 95
coda, 58
comparative reconstruction, 3
complementary distribution, 8
compounds, 29, 103, 107–9
bahuvrihi, 108
concord see agreement
conjugation, 41
content words, 36
conversion, 104
coordination, 96
correlation, 96–7
Danelaw, 7
declension, 17–18, 27, 128, 131–3
major, 18, 27–8
minor, 18, 29–32: a-plural, 31; kinship,
30–1; mutation, 29–30, 46–7
deixis, 19
demonstratives, 18–19
dental suffix, 57
dialects, 7–8, 35, 52, 123–6
digraph, 4–5
diphthongs, 11–12
Dutch, 2, 3, 36, 61, 81, 87, 92, 102, 105,
134
English, 1–4
Middle, 10, 20–1, 39, 42, 50, 88, 117,
124, 132
present-day, 4–6, 10–11, 29, 39, 40, 54,
64–6, 68–9, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79–80, 81,
86–7, 94, 98, 107–8
experiencer, 99
focus, 88
focussed language, 22, 126
French, 3, 13, 46, 71, 102, 113, 134–6
frequency, 35, 48
Index
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fricatives, 8–9, 63
Frisian, 2, 3, 113
function words, 36
geminates, 10, 13, 43, 44–5
gender, 15, 16–17, 25, 28, 76–7
feminine, 17
masculine, 16–17
neuter, 16–17
German, 2, 3, 32–3, 36, 47, 61, 62, 81, 87,
92, 105
Germanic, 1, 13, 56, 103, 129, 135
government, 70
gradation, qualitative vs. quantitative, 59
Greek, 2–3
Heptarchy, 6
homophone, 12
hypotaxis, 96
iambic pentameter, 119
i-mutation see i-umlaut
Indo-European, 2, 103, 129
infinitive, 13, 65, 84
inflected, 84
i-umlaut, 29–30, 45–8, 49, 50–1, 61, 65–6
Kentish, 124
language family, 2
Latin, 1, 2–3, 13, 102, 109–11, 129
liquids, 9–10
loans see borrowing 
Mercian, 6, 116, 124, 125–6
modals see verbs
mood, 82–4
imperative, 37, 40, 84
indicative, 40
subjunctive, 37, 40, 82–4
morpheme, 26
bound, 26
free, 26
zero, 27
morphology, 13–25, 26–8
nasals, 9
negation, 94
negative concord, 94–5
negative contraction, 95
Norman Conquest, 13, 100, 131, 134
Northumbrian, 6, 42, 124–5, 127, 132
noun phrase, 68–74, 76–7
nouns, 14–18, 24, 26–7
nucleus, 58
number, 15
dual, 20
objects, 69–70
direct, 69, 72, 74
indirect, 69
Offa, 12
Old Saxon, 113, 130
onset, 58
orthography, 4–6, 8–12, 22
paradigm, 15, 16, 24, 26–8, 32, 41
double, 35–6
parataxis, 96