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Basic Principles of Lesson Planning
Coherence – there should be a logical pattern to the lesson. The activities should be
connected to each other.
Variety - include a number of different activities, allow students to do different things.
Flexibility - react to the students’ needs. Teach the PEOPLE in the class rather than
your plan!
Ways of Varying a Lesson
Tempo
Activities may be brisk and fast-moving (such as guessing games) or slow and reflective
(such as reading literature and responding in writing).
Organization
The learners may work on their own at individualized tasks; or in pairs or groups; or as a
full class in interaction with the teacher.
Mode and skill
Activities may be based on the written or the spoken language; and within these, they
may vary as to whether the learners are asked to produce (speak, write) or receive
(listen, read).
Difficulty
Activities may be seen as easy and non-demanding or difficult, requiring concentration
and effort.
Topic
Both the language teaching point and the (nonlinguistic) topic may change from one
activity to another.
Mood
Activities vary also in mood: light and fun-based versus serious and profound; happy
versus sad; tense versus relaxed.
Stir-settle Some activities enliven and excite learners (such as controversial
discussions, or activities that involve physical movement); others, like dictations, have
the effect of calming them down.
Active-passive Learners may be activated in a way that encourages their own initiative;
or they may only be required to do as they are told.
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