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has many chloroplasts in both of its layers. The only epidermal cells with chloroplasts are guard
cells

.
6.4 Reading #3
: Leaf Adaptations
Coniferous plant species that do well in cold climates, such as spruce, fir,
and pine, have
smaller leaves that resemble needles. Sunken stomata and a smaller surface area of these needle-like
leaves both contribute to a reduction in water loss. Plants that grow in hot climates, like cacti, have
leaves that have turned into spines, which, along with their succulent stems, aid in water conservation.
A thick waxy cuticle on the surface of the leaf and wide lamina allow many aquatic plants to have
leaves that can float on the water's surface and repel water.
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