14
Introduction
form, changes in format from annals to an
anachronistically posited
“historical tales” (
rekishi monogatari
) genre, the composition in Classical
Chinese (or
kanbun
) giving way to texts in Classical Japanese (or
wabun
),
and a gradual reorientation in subject matter
away from the imperial
court to the “rise of the warrior.”
32
As Michael Brownstein has demon-
strated, this narrative was a product of late
nineteenth-century concerns
surrounding the development of a “national literature” and was highly
influenced by Western ideas about literary development as indicative of
social evolution.
33
In this version of Japanese literary history, the waning days of the
Heian period were the age of a set of texts that are now known as “his-
torical tales.” Although Watanabe dates the term to the eighteenth century,
I suspect that its use by the prominent nativist intellectual Haga Yaichi
(1867–1927) has had the most influence on twentieth-century scholar-
ship.
34
Haga’s position is best understood in light of Susan Burns’s work,
which has demonstrated how Haga’s ideas of a “new
kokugaku
” (or new
nativism) were inseparable from his commitment to nationalism.
35
Burns’s
discussion of Haga’s turn-of-the-century rhetoric of “pure
Japanese
thought” offers a helpful context for understanding the definition of “his-
torical tale” preserved in his collected works.
36
There, he offers a formu-
lation that revolves around domestic Japanese production and language
selection: the “historical tales” are Japanese-language “tales of the past
that originated in the Heian period.”
37
Haga cites a double wellspring for
32. Haruo Shirane observed that “it was not until the establishment of
Dostları ilə paylaş: