Percents Answers
1.
(C).
50 as a percent of 30 is
% = 166.6%. (Note: it’s
incorrect to calculate “50% of 30,” which is 15. This asked for 50
as a
percent
of 30, which is equivalent to asking, “What percent of 30 is 50?”)
To find the percent increase from 30 to 80, use the percent change formula:
Percent Change =
%
Percent Change =
% = 166.6%
The two quantities are equal. Note that doing the final calculation in each
quantity is not necessary, because both equal
× 100.
2.
(B).
The question asks for Ken’s salary, so set a variable: call Ken’s salary
k
. Lorena’s salary is $60,000. Now, translate the equation in the first sentence.
“If Ken’s salary were 20% higher” can be translated as Ken’s salary + 20% of
Ken’s salary, or
k
+ 0.2
k
. “It would be 20% less than Lorena’s” can be
translated as (Lorena’s salary – 20% of Lorena’s salary), or 60,000 – (0.2)
(60,000). This is equivalent to (0.8)(60,000). Now solve:
1.2
k
= 0.8(60,000)
1.2
k
= 48,000
k
= 40,000
Ken’s salary is $40,000.
3.
(C).
Because the problem never indicates real values, pick your own smart
numbers. If
x
= 100 and
y
= 50, then:
Greta’s salary was $100,000 and she received a 50% raise. Greta’s raise,
therefore, was $50,000.
Annika’s salary was $50,000 and she received a 100% raise. Annika’s
raise, therefore, was $50,000.
The two quantities are equal. This holds true for any positive numbers chosen
for
x
and
y
, because
x
% of
y
=
y
% of
x
. Thus, any two numbers can be used—
just as 50% of 100 = 100% of 50, it is also true that 1% of 2,000 = 2,000% of
1, or
a
% of
b
=
b
% of
a
.
4.
(B).
Roselba’s income is more than twice as great as Jane’s income. If both
pay the same percent of income in transportation fees, that means Roselba
must pay
more
than twice as much as Jane in transportation fees. Therefore,
half of Roselba’s fees will still be greater than Jane’s fees. Quantity B is
greater.
Alternatively, use smart numbers. Call Jane’s income $100. Roselba’s income,
then, is greater than $200. If both pay 10% in transportation fees, then Jane
pays $10 and Roselba pays more than $20. Half of Roselba’s amount equals
more than $10.
5.
(A).
The problem doesn’t indicate any specific values, so pick a smart
number. Because this is a percent problem, call the original price $100.
Quantity A equals $100
.
Decreasing a value by 16% is the same as taking (100 – 16)% = 84% of the
number: so (0.84)(100) = $84. To increase the value by 16%, take 116% of
the number, or multiply by 1.16: (1.16)(84) = $97.44.
Quantity A is greater.
6.
240.
Translate the question as 12 = 0.05
x
and solve on the calculator:
x
=
240. Alternatively, translate the question as 12 =
x
and solve on paper:
12 =
x
(12)(20) =
x
x
= 240
7.
9
. Always translate the phrase “what percent” as
. Translate the
question as:
0.07(9) =
(7)
0.63 =
63 = 7
x
9 =
x
Incidentally, the pattern “
x
% of
y
=
y
% of
x
” always holds true! Here, 7% of 9
= 9% of 7, but it is also true that 2% of 57 = 57% of 2, etc. This works with
any two numbers. If you notice this, then you can “fill in the blank” on the
answer immediately: “what percent” must be 9%.
Finally, notice that the answer is 9 and not 0.09 or 9%. The question asks
“what percent,” so the percent is already incorporated into the sentence—the
“what” by itself represents only the number itself, 9.
8.
300.
Always translate the phrase “what percent” as
. Translate the
question as:
(13) = 0.2(195)
= 39
13
x
= 3,900
x
= 300
Alternatively, take 20 percent of 195 (0.2 × 195 = 39) and rephrase the
question: “What percent of 13 is 39?” Since 39 is three times as big as 13, the
answer is 300.
9.
10.
Translate the question as 0.25(30) = 0.75
x
and solve on the calculator:
x
= 10.
Alternatively, write the percents in simplified fraction form and solve on
paper:
(30) =
x
30 = 3
x
x
= 10
10.
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