Study of porous phospho-gypsum composites and their properties on the basis of nostochiometric interpolymer complexes

 
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION 
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 2 ISSUE 3 MARCH 2023 
UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 
48
is radioactivity. It is known that radioactive elements migrate in a certain amount during the 
processing of phosphate raw materials [14]. The most radioactive are phosphogypsum from 
Sweden, Spain and Morocco, which also complicates the involvement of waste in production. 
Without additional processing, phosphogypsum is suitable for the construction of pavement 
foundations, but only in cases where they are not subject to increased requirements for frost 
resistance. 
The quality of irrigation of crops largely depends on the uniformity of wetting of the 
irrigated area. A number of studies have been devoted to this [17, 18]. It should be noted that there 
are still no reliable irrigation equipment and technologies that would ensure a more uniform 
distribution of irrigation water in the field. It seems very advisable to achieve a uniform 
distribution of water along the length of the irrigation furrow, supplying less irrigation water. 
In connection with the above, laboratory and field studies were carried out using composite 
materials (CM) as devices for drip irrigation. Irrigation was carried out on trays made of KM with 
dispersed fillers having the appearance of a furrow and installed on the ridges of the furrow next 
to cotton. Trays from the obtained interpolymer material with a filler were made using special 
molds (Fig. 1). 
Results and discussion. 
The problem was solved in such a way that several trays with 
certain pore sizes were placed next to each other along the furrow, at a distance of the length of 
run-off of irrigation water. Water saving is achieved by eliminating the discharge of water, as well 
as ensuring uniform soil moisture along the entire length of the furrow. 
The irrigation tray is used as follows: water from the dispensers (Fig. 2.) (1), through a 
filter (2) made of polymer material, enters the trays and through it enters the soil. Water 
consumption is governed by the size of micropores (3) obtained by the selection of percentages of 
components of the polymer material. The filter (2), which is made of the same material, eliminates 
clogging of the trays. Irrigation water is supplied to the soil through the pores of the tray in the 
form of droplets. Pore sizes can be adjusted by changing the composition of the CM. The width of 
the trays is 10 cm, the depth is 12 cm, and the length is 100 cm. By connecting them in series, the 
required length can be achieved. 
The distribution of irrigation norms by soil layers was determined according to the variants 
of small-plot experiments in triplicate. Watering was carried out without discharge. The soils of 
the site are automorphic, medium loam in terms of mechanical composition. The optimal rate of 
absorption of water into the soil was 0.016-0.017 m / h. The level of moistened soil layers at the 
beginning and end of the furrow was 50 and 45 cm for the first, 62-51 cm - second and 81-69 cm 
- third watering, respectively. 
The balance equation of irrigation norms has been compiled: 
m
br
 = m
1
 + m
2
 + m
3
; 
where mbr - irrigation rate supplied to the site, m
3 
/ ha; 
m1 - estimated irrigation rate, m
3
/ ha; 
m2 - water loss due to evaporation, m
3
/ ha; 
m3 - soil moisture below the calculated layer, m3 / ha 
Irrigation rates by layers were determined by the size of soil moisture before and after 
irrigation after 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days and were calculated by the formula: 
m = 100Hd (P
nv
-P
f
), 
where N is the calculated soil layer, m; 

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