Lesson-1 introduction, meaning and importance of management 0 Objectives

Table 18.3
Comparision between Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X
Theory Y
1.
Inherent dislike for work
1.
Work is natural like rest or play.
2.
Unambitious and prefer to be
2.
Ambitious and capable of directing their
directed by others
own behaviour.
3.
Avoid responsibility
3.
Accept and seek responsibility under
proper conditions.
4.
Lack creativity and resist change
4.
Creativity widely spread.
5.
Focus on lower level needs to motivate
5.
Both lower level and higher order needs
workers.
are sources of motivation
6.
External control and close supervision
6.
Self-direction and self control are
required to achieve organisational objectives
required to objectives.
7.
Autocratic Leadership
7.
Democratic Leadership
8.
People lack self-motivation
8.
People are self-motivated
18.7.4 Theory Z: 
William Ouchi 
developed theory z after making comparitive study of Japanese
and American management practices. It is an integrated model of motivation. Z type of organisations
has three major features. They are
a. 
Mutual 
trust between members of organisation reduces conflict and leads team work.
b. 
Subtlety
requires sensitivity towards others and it yields higher productivity.
c. 
Intimacy 
implies concern, support and disciplined unselfishness.
Criticism
1. This theory based on Japanese management practices.This management may not be suitable to
other organisations having different culture.

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Centre for Distance Education
Acharya Nagarjuna University
18.12
2. Thereis lack of empirical research to confirm the practical utility of this theory.
3. This theory does not provide guidelines as to at what point of time it may be applied in any
organisation.
4. There may be some operational problems in implementing Theory Z.