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THE 3
rd
 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS 
dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
139
CYBER THREATS CONCERNING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC 
CONTROLLERS: KEY INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION 
Khagan Karimov 
Baku Higher Oil School 
Azerbaijan, Baku 
khagan.kerimov.std@bhos.edu.az 
Supervisor: Ph.D Associate Professor Kamala Pashayeva 
Key words:
Cyber-physical devices, Industrial Control Systems, Cybersecurity, PLC 
Introduction:
Industrial control systems (ICSs) are used in a wide range 
of applications, from manufacturing to power generation and transmission. 
Remote operations over local area networks or the Internet, which are 
facilitated by software with minimal security measures, are becoming more 
common in such systems. As a result, adversaries seeking to disrupt critical 
infrastructure through cyber-attacks are increasingly targeting ICSs. 
Cyber threats:
The Stuxnet malware exemplifies the cyber threat on 
ICS systems and cyber-physical devices as it compromises workstations 
used to reconfigure Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) for facility 
operations and tampers with messages sent from the system operator to the 
PLC in order to target the control system. Stuxnet, for example, alters control 
instructions to raise the frequency of nuclear establishments to dangerous 
levels, resulting in equipment breakdown [Stuxnet malware] Stuxnet's debut 
besides Havex and Dragonfly prompted research into ICS software 
vulnerabilities, as well as the addition of new security checks to control 
software and hardware. 

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