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“I had a dream, which was not all a dream.
The bright sun was extinguished, and the stars Did wander darkling in the eternal space, Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air;” But when the poem is showing us more accurately the action that is taking place, the process from light to darkness, from live to death, the tone becomes faster from calm to rush “like a clock gone wild” ) with blank verses using mid-line pauses which gives the sense of wildness, time without control, everything happening quickly without control, absolutely chaos: “Till hunger clung them or the dropping dead Lured their lank jaws; himself sought out no food,” This is the pattern used throughout all the middle part of the poem, but at the end of the poem the structure of iambic pentameters and calm tome is used again, like “the calm after the storm; time runs down slowly to its final end.” The time stopping slowly until the destruction is completed and the darkness is covering everything: “The winds were withered in the stagnant air, And the clouds perished; Darkness had no need Of aid from them--She was the Universe.” Punctuation also plays a big role in this poem. The use of enjambment and punctuation reinforce the movement of time through the poem that is written in six full phrases –those ended with full stop. We can see a lot of verses without punctuation at the end making the reading faster from one verse to another. It is also important to say that the verses where the punctuation is used are those where the pass of time is slower, the beginning and the end. Alliteration, on the other hand, is used to enhance the mood that Byron wishes to communicate, as the use of sin: “Season less, herbless, treeless, man less, lifeless” as a phonemic example of silence and growing death as we are approaching the end of the poem as well as the end of times. Byron is not using complex metaphors or ideas which delay the development of the poem; we can see the men depicted as animals, irrational beasts driving themselves to the abysm of darkness: “The meagre by the meagre were devoured, Even dogs assailed their masters, all save one, And he was faithful to a cores, and kept The birds and beasts and famished men at bay, Till hunger clung them or the dropping dead” Even the nature is seen in the poem as something no natural, the vision of the sea and the wind completely calm, without any movement, practically dead, as well as the image of men howling desperately, birds shrieking terrified with “useless wings”, “the wildest brutes” coming “tame and tremulous” and the vipers “crawled / And twins’ themselves among the multitude, / Hissing, but stingless-- they were slain for food.” Another feature used in the poem by Lord Byron is that of the imagery, showing to the reader a description of the end of times almost like a movie occurring rapidly. This images are powerful and terrifying, “from light, movement and life to darkness, stillness and death” ) as the time is ending. This step from one opposite to another –as from life to death- we can also see it in the rhythm used in the poem itself: from swiftness to slow and in the inversion of man from rational creature to a beast. We can see in the poem some key images, some about the destruction of the world by fire or flames: “Were burnt for beacons; cities were consumed, And men were gathered round their blazing homes To look once more into each other's faced; Happy were those who dwelt within the eye Of the volcanos, and their mountain-torch: A fearful hope was the entire world contained; Forests were set on fire--but hour by hour They fell and faded--and the crackling trunks Extinguished with a crash--and all was black.” Other image is the already said image of men as animals at the end part of the poem, as savage creatures. This fact is emphasized where Byron talks about the dog “faithful to a corpse” Keeping the birds, beasts and even famished men far from the body of his master. In other words, this dog is depicted as a creature more civilised than men and men are shown as “savage, fighting heroically for survival”. There are features that can be seen as some kind of biblical language announcing the apocalypse like that of the snakes and, at some verses, men are seen as devils: “The brows of men by the despairing light Wore an unearthly aspect, as by fits The flashes fell upon them; some lay down” With this vision of men as devils, Byron “is communicating that fear: that God is not in nature or in us; that he is not at all; that ‘Darkness (or nature) had no need / of aid from them--She was the Universe’ In conclusion with the analysis, it is a poem with a depressing and catastrophic mood, full of imagery about the end of times, cities set on fire, humans as beasts, and the transition from slow movement at the beginning, fast and chaotic in the middle to once again slow at the end, from life to death, from light to darkness. This atmosphere of tragedy is influence by Byron’s own depression; his cynical view of the humanity because “he allows man no dignity at all in his final hours”. Reference http://www.gradesaver.com/lord-byrons-poems/study-guide/summary-darkness http://mural.uv.es/perova/byron.html https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/.../darkness-56d222aeeee1. https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/darkness https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness_(poem) web.colby.edu/.../darkness-by-lord-byron-a-historical-account- https://copas.uni-regensburg.de/article/viewFile/246/332 https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/.../lord-byrons-darkest-summer signaturen-magazin.de/lord-byron--darkness.html https://simonbarraclough.com/.../byrons-darkness-and-the-summer-o... https://quizlet.com/.../lord-byron-darkness-review-flash-cards/ misterdfuniverso.com.br/an-analysis-of-the-poem-darkness-by-lord-.. View publication stats Yüklə 86,88 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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