may have survived until about 7000 years ago. If people have been in Australia for up to 60
000 years, then megafauna must have co-existed with humans for at least 30 000 years.
Regularly hunted modern kangaroos survived not only 10 000 years of Aboriginal hunting, but
also an onslaught of commercial shooters.
G
The group of scientists led by A.J. Stuart focused on northern Eurasia, which he was taking as
Europe, plus Siberia, essentially, where they’ve got the best data that animals became extinct in
Europe during the Late Pleistocene. Some cold-adapted animals, go through into the last part
of the cold stage and then become extinct up there. So you’ve actually got two phases of
extinction. Now, neither of these coincide – these are Neanderthals here being replaced by
modern humans. There’s no obvious coincidence between the arrival of humans or climatic
change alone and these extinctions. There’s a climatic change here, so there’s a double effect
here. Again, as animals come through to the last part of the cold stage, here there’s a
fundamental change in the climate, reorganization of vegetation, and the combination of the
climatic change and the presence of humans – of advanced Paleolithic humans – causes this
wave of extinction. There’s a profound difference between the North American data and that of
Europe, which summarize that the extinctions in northern Eurasia, in Europe, are moderate and
staggered, and in North America severe and sudden. And these things relate to the differences
in the timing of human arrival. The extinction follows from human predation, but only at times
of fundamental changes in the environment.
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