class could afford them. This was especially attributed to Henry Ford who did two crucial
things. First, he set the price as reasonable as possible for his cars; second, he paid his
employees enough salaries so that they could afford the cars made by their very own hands.
The trend of interchangeable parts and
-
mass production in an assembly line style had been
led by America, and from 1914, this concept was
·
significantly reinforced by Henry Ford.
This large-scale, production-line manufacture of affordable automobiles was debuted . .A
Ford car would come off all assembled from the line every 15 minutes, an interval shorter
than any of the former methods. Not only did it raise productivity, but also cut down on
the requirement for manpower. Ford significantly lowered the cha:nce of injury by carrying
out complicated safety procedures in production-particularly assigning workers to: spe
cific
•
locations rather than giving them the freedom to wander aroundi This mixture of high
wages and high efficiency was known as Fordism, which provided a valuable
.
lesson for
most major industries.
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The first Jeep automobile that came out as the prototype Bantam
BRC
was the ·primary
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light 4-wheel-drive automobile of the U.S. Army and Allies, and during World War II and
the postwar period, its sale skyrocketed. Since then, plenty of Jeep derivatives with similar
military and civilian functions have been created and kept upgraded in terms of overall per-
formance in other nations.
1.
Through all theJ950s, engine power and automobile rates grew higher, designs evolved
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into a more integrated anq artful form, and cars were spreading globally. In the l 960s,
!
the landscape changed as Detroit was confronted with foreign competition. The European
manufacturers, used the latesttechnology, and Japan ca111e into the picture as a dedicated
car-making country. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford dabbled with radicaltiny cars such
as the. GM A-bodies with little success. As joint ventures such as the British Motor Corpora-
tion unified the market, captive imports and badge imports swept all over the US and the
UK. BMC first launched a revolutionary space-friendly Mini in 1959, which turned out to
harvest large global
sales.
Previously remaining under the Austin and Morris names, Mini
later became an individual marque in 1969. The trend of corporate consolidation landed in
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Italy when niche makers such as Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia were bought by larger enter
prises. By the end of the 20th centu:iy, there had been a sharp fall in the number of automo- \
bile marques .
In the US, car perfOl'mance dominated marketing, justified by the typical cases of pony cars
and muscle cars. However, in the .1970s, everything changed as the American automobile f
industry suffered from the 1973oil crisis, competition with Japanese and European imports,
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automobile· emission-control regulations; and moribund innovation. The irony in all this
1 was that full-size sedans such as Cadillac and Lincoln scored a huge comeback between the
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years of economic crisis.
In terms of technology, the most mentionable developments that postwar era had seen were
'i the widespread use of independent suspensions, broader application of fuel injection, and
a growing emphasis on safety in automobile design, Mazda achieved many triumphs with
its engine firstly installed. in the fore-wheel, though it gained itself a reputation as a gas
guzzler.
l
The modem era also has witnessed a sharp elevation of fuel power in the modem engine
management system with the. help of the computer. Nowadays, most automobiles in use
are powered by an internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline or diesel. Toxic gas from
both fuels is known to pollute the air and is responsible for climate change as well as global
wanning ..
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