METHODOLOGY
Decision analysis is a systematic approach by decision making that allows managers to solve problems
with uncertainty figures as a prominent factor. A normative model is developed to represent the
decision making problem, facilitate logical analysis, and produce a recommended course of action.
The technique is most useful in managerial situations where risk is significant. The resulting formal
model is capable of generating optimal strategies for multi-stage decision making problems that
involve a variety of contingencies.
Thus, the payoff (or decision) matrix M = { A , S , R , P } formally defines a decision analysis
problem.
Where:
A
-
the
set
of
decision
alternatives
A
i
(for
i
=
1,
2,
...,
m
)
S
-
the
set
of
events
S
j
(for
j
=
1,
2,
...,
n
)
R - the set of payoffs (rewards) R
ij
obtained by choosing alternative A
i
if state S
j
occurs
P - the probability distribution applicable to S (the set of probabilities p
j
describing the
likelihood that state S
j
will occur).
However, in the early 1950s, the discussion about criteria for decision making was lively. Several
decision criteria have been proposed to resolve the problem of decision making under strict
uncertainty. Some of the most important ones are furthermore presented.
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