1. Müəssisənin məqsədini müəyyənləşdirin
Bu yaxınlarda bir sıra anbar mütəxəssisləri ilə aparılan veb-müzakirədə, anbar dizaynının
kritik prinsiplərinin hansı olduğu barədə fikirlərini soruşdum. Bu prinsip siyahının başında yer
aldı. İlk addım obyektin məqsəd və məqsədlərini müəyyənləşdirməlidir. Orada nə var, o hansı
bazara xidmət göstərir, şəbəkənin bir hissəsidirmi, hansı növ mallar saxlanılacaq, obyektin
gözlənilən ömrü necədir, yaşıllıq ərazisi ərazisi olacaq, yoxsa mövcud bir obyekt? Diqqəti
yönəltmək üçün, bütün əlaqəli tərəflərin gözlənilən nəticədən xəbərdar olması üçün hədəfləri
yazmaq faydalıdır - xüsusilə də layihə müddəti ərzində vaxt, büdcə və ya resurs problemləri
maraqlı tərəfləri əməliyyat və dizayn məqsədlərini güzəştə getməyə vadar edirsə.
2. Define volumes and functional requirements
The famous British Physician Dr Thomas Fuller once said: ―Get the facts, or the facts
will get you. And when you get them, get them right, or they will get you wrong‖. This is an
important lesson that was also affirmed by my learned web colleagues, and certainly one that has
guided my own work throughout my career. Quite simply, the facts needed are:
a) Quantities of products to be
b) The throughput velocities, including incoming goods, customer orders, interfacility transfers,
dispatches and
c) The nature of orders and specific picking requirements, g. is picking performed in containers,
pallets, cartons, inners, or single units? Now if you are thinking that this is easy, think again.
This is one of the hardest and most time consuming components of a design project. Why?
Rarely do enterprises have such data readily available. Designers must therefore ‗mine‘ it from
the enterprise as best they can. In cases where data is piecemeal or nonexistent, the designer
must draw from his/her own experience to fix assumptions around volumetric estimates. This
can be particularly challenging when heavy scrutiny is placed upon the designer to prove the
concept, and is best performed with collaboration and agreement from the stakeholders involved.
d) What functions need to be provided for? It‘s imperative that the designer understands all of
the functions that are to be included on the site footprint, e.g. warehouse, offices, gantry cranes,
loading docks, forklift charging areas, dangerous or hazardous goods, cool or cold rooms, clean
rooms, manufacturing or packaging operations, staff facilities, etc. Equally important is that
relative dependencies between functions are determined so that the designer can correctly frame
functional proximities for best flow and operation by staff.
3. Match storage modes, it systems and mechanised technologies with volumes
Once the data has been analysed, the designer is ready for equipment selection. Be it
static racking equipment, mezzanines and the like, or mechanical equipment such as conveyors,
carousels, stacker cranes etc., all equipment and systems must be applied according to their
purpose, limitations and fit with the volumes handled. For instance, it is a waste if an automatic
storage and retrieval system is installed, when a conventional racking system will suffice.
Conversely, if the facts point to justification of a high-velocity automated system, it is foolish to
ignore them for the sake of a more conventional system. A critical aspect of equipment selection
is that the designer has expert knowledge of available equipment and technologies, and how to
apply them. This is a complex area that deserves careful consideration and the novice designer is
well advised to seek advice from materials handling equipment and software suppliers, builders,
and industry specialists to ensure that their design is well founded, robust and practical.
4. Flow
This aspect incited some interesting comments from my web conference colleagues.
From their wise counsel and my own experience, I suggest that the skilful designers apply two
immutable laws of flow.
a) One-way flow
The best warehouse operations are those that apply this Whether straight, clockwise,
counter clockwise, up or down, make sure it flows in a one-way direction. But here‘s a tip. Be
cautious when dealing with international customers, where cultural and religious beliefs point to
specific requirements. An interesting challenge that I experienced on a recent project was the
Hindu philosophy of Vaastu Shastra. The customer politely indicated that the warehouse flow
should be clockwise, heavy goods should be stored in the south west, with lighter products in the
north east. The front door and offices should face east with entry to the site from the north.
Needless to say, this provided an intriguing set of constraints that I happily applied to the design
of both site and building. The key point here is that despite restraints, the designer should always
err to the one-way flow principle.
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