L.A. Mehdibayli
THE STUDY OF THE POLYMORPHISM OF 5-HTT AND 5-HT2A GENES OF THE
SEROTONIN SYSTEM IN THE GENOME OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Summary
Recently, extensive researches have been carried out for the whole nucleotide
sequencing of the haploid chromosome set of the human genome, to determine the structure
of the genes encoded in the genome, function and localization of the protein coding genes, to
reveal the relations between allelic forms of the gene and various hereditary diseases, body
structure, strength, quickness, endurance and properties of the nervous system. More than
120 molecular markers forming athletic performance, including connections between
hereditary diseases and allelic forms of gene/genes have already been detected as a result of
these studies.
Serotonin as one of the neurotransmitters is a main part of the endocrine system. It
confers happiness and cheerfulness to human and plays the major role in the regulation of
the body temperature, blood pressure, appetite, digestion and metabolic functions. The
hormone deficiency can cause depression, fatigue, bad mood, appetite increase and in
extreme cases death. Determination of the polymorphysm of 5-HTT transporter gene (LL,LS
and SS alleles) and 5-HT2A receptor gene (TT, CT and CC alleles) of the serotonin system
allows assessing high psychological sustainability of the athletes and their visual motor
reactions. Low tendency to depression and high resistance to physical exertion are
characteristic of the carriers of the LL genotype. LS genotype is an intermediate heterozygote
and its carriers are more prone to sports. SS genotype is a mutant variant of homozygous
polymorphysm and the carriers of this genotype has lower levels of serotonin. 5-HT2A gene is
expressed in the brain and responsible for cognitive functions. Abnormalities in the structure
and function of the 5-HT2A receptor cause various psychological disturbances including
schizophrenia, depression/anxiety and drug addiction.
Allelic forms of both genes 5-HTT and 5HT2A were found to have different allele sizes
in three groups of the Azerbaijani population. The obtained results open up new perspectives
for further researches on the identification of the alleles of both genes in the Azerbaijan
population.
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