This paper is based on a study carried out by the researcher with a group of college students who
enhanced their language skills while using their Critical Thinking skills. Observations of English
classes and students' opinions throughout one semester led to selecting practical Critical Thinking
activities teachers can use in their sessions. However, it is noteworthy to mention that infusing
Critical Thinking is not a short but a long-term process. Teachers can start with simple activities
and progress towards more challenging ones such as problem solving. Working with college
students poses several advantages for teachers since students have already acquainted a significant
amount of experience at this level. Teachers can draw from that experience to create situations
According to the students who participated in the study, we present a few of the most practical
Debates and classroom discussions: Providing students with controversial topics to defend
their position is one of the practical activities that students found as supporting their Critical
Thinking development. Although students might feel anxious at the beginning, they
eventually respond favorably as the classes progress over time. Akerman and Neale (2011)
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Pol. Con. (Edición núm. 57) Vol. 6, No 4, Abril 2021, pp. 358-370, ISSN: 2550 - 682X
Infusing Critical Thinking Skills in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom: A
Meaningful Experience for Teachers and Students
acknowledged the importance of the debate in the classroom, stating that by presenting two
sets of perspectives to students and encouraging them to support their position in an oral
or written exchange, students can demonstrate their abilities as critical thinkers. Presenting
controversial topics generates high judgment, analysis, scrutiny, and reflection; all of them
are compatible with Critical Thinking purposes.
Posing questions: Questioning was the second most helpful strategy that students found
engaging and thought-provoking. Appropriate questioning is, however, crucial when using
this strategy to develop Critical Thinking. Oftentimes, teachers rely heavily on questions
to check for understanding. Although these questions are sometimes necessary, they do not
demand deep thinking. The overuse of these questions can lead to students' disengagement
and boredom. Teachers must be very mindful when designing questions. Appropriate
questions are those that match both students' language and thinking levels. Posing
unrealistically demanding questions may result in students losing their self-confidence and
interest (Long, Blankenburg, & Butani, 2015). A good practice to facilitate questioning in
the EFL classroom is to design questions in a sequence. The sequence will help students to
think deeper and deeper as they come through in the progression.
Meaningful written assignments: involving students in writing is not an easy task since it
implies the combination of several sub-components that need to be logically organized. To
reduce the anxiety students may experience when dealing with written assignments,
teachers can devise meaningful tasks for students, by giving students meaningful written
assignments, we mean to provide them with a genuine reason to write. The task must be
relevant to lives and the context where they perform their daily activities. The task should
also be closely connected to their objectives as learners. As a rule of thumb, Critical
Thinking writing tasks should be short but meaningful and should hopefully come right
after the lesson to immediately relate to what they learned in class. Asking students to write
long essays or elaborated reports does not guarantee that students will be using their
Critical Thinking skills but other people's ideas. As a preparation for the writing task,
teachers can ask students to discuss their ideas in groups. These discussions will enrich
students' thinking on the topic and will help them to guide their writing.
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Pol. Con. (Edición núm. 57) Vol. 6, No 4, Abril 2021, pp. 358-370, ISSN: 2550 - 682X
Adriana Ximena Cundar Ruano
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