Newborn infants who received skin‐to‐skin contact with fathers after Caesarean sections showed stable physiological patterns



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Funding information
Chilean Ministry of Health; Karolinska 
Institute, Stockolm, ;Malardalens 
University, Vasteras, Sweden
Abstract
Aim: Separating infants and their parents after a Caesarean section is still the routine 
care worldwide. This study investigated three caregiving models on the wakefulness 
and physiological parameters of full-term infants after an elective Caesarean section.
Methods: Newborn infants born in a Chilean public hospital in 2009-12 were ran-
domised to three groups: cot, fathers' arms or skin-to-skin contact with their fa-
ther. They were assessed at 15-minute intervals, from 45 to 120 minutes after the 
Caesarean section. Their physiological parameters were measured, and their wakeful-
ness was assessed using the Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale.
Results: We studied 95 infant (53% girls) born at a mean gestational age of 
38.9 ± 0.9 weeks. Heart rates were significantly higher in the skin-to-skin than cot or 
fathers' arms groups and showed greater stability over time. Wakefulness was initially 
higher in the skin-to-skin group, but there were no significant differences by the end 
of the observation. There were no differences between the groups in peripheral oxy-
gen saturation. Skin-to-skin contact had no negative impact on the infants.
Conclusion: The skin-to-skin group showed some advantages over the cot and fa-
thers' arms groups when it came to establishing stable physiological parameters and 
wakefulness. This approach should be supported during mother-infant separation.
K E Y W O R D S
Caesarean section, full-term infants, physiological adaptation, skin-to-skin contact, 
wakefulness
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in 
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.



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