Dilgam ismailov

Khazars adopted the Islam religion.
The new religion – Islam which was brought by the Arabs, 
spread rapidly in the southern part of Azerbaijan: Mughan, Mil, 
on the shores of the Caspian Sea, along the Kur and Araz rivers 
and especially in cities. But there was a strong resistance 
towards the new religion in mountainous and foothills places 
where the Christian religion was stable. Those who were poor 
layers adopted Islam without hesitation and as volunteers. The 
spread of Islam in Azerbaijan created a turning point in the fate 
of the people. It became the basis for spiritual growth and 
stimulated the cultural growth of people.
 
2.The management, resettlement, land and tax policy in 
Azerbaijan during the rule of the Caliphate 
The Arabs occupied dozens of Asian, European and 
African countries. At first times the Caliphate used centuries-
old control system of the Sassanid Empire. Later he created the 
Emirate system in order to manage large areas. During the 
Abbasids the number of emirates reached from 5 to 14. 
Azerbaijan was included first, into the fourth emirate, then into 
the third one. Emirates in their turn were divided into mahal 
(districts) and mantaga (points). An emirate was ruled by the 
emir appointed by the caliph. All the civil and military 
authorities were in emir’s hands. Amyl was engaged in civil 
matters and in charge of collecting taxes. Ghazi was the head 
of the judicial department and also in charge of the foundation 
affairs. 
Communication between the provinces and the 

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capital of the Caliphate was straightened out. The 
communication center (post) "Beryd" by name was created. 
The Arabs also used pigeons that were trained in 
communication. Derbent city was determined the northern 
border of Azerbaijan and Hamadan city–southern one.
The armed forces were the main support of the 
Caliphate in Azerbaijan. The Movlas and Zymmis were 
also used in addition to the forces of ethnic Arabs. The Movlas 
were the local population voluntarily adopted Islam. But the 
Zymmis were Christians who voluntarily served in the Arabic 
army. Besides, the Arabs tried to create a more secure public 
support for themselves. In order to Arabize the population ten 
thousands of Arab families moved to Azerbaijan from Basira, 
Cufa, Syria and Arabia. The main ideas Caliphate was to seize 
a lot of land and to take over taxes, as the occupying states. 
The VII century feudal relations were developing in 
Arab society. The Arabs was upheld the Sassanid’s tax 
system with partially changing. During the first caliphs the 
tax was considerably lighter. But Umayyad’s time as 
opposed Sassanids they were collect the tax from all over 
the country. A part of the population was Christian, besides 
two kinds of tax paid to the treasury of the caliph: kharaj 
and jizya (kharaj was land tax, the jizya was life tax) 
Muslims were exempted from the jizya. According to the 
Caliphate possession of obedience help Christians was 
exempt from tax in the church. Considered the stronghold 
of Islam caliph Ali reformed in the field of taxation. The 
main focus wasn't direct to collect kharaj, was direct to 
cultivate efficiently. Not cultivate lands was not get kharaj. 
During the Umayyad rule was amended taxes. In 725 
were listed the population, livestock and land. Previously 

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abolished tax was restored. They were required to pay 
additional tax, which people had vineyards and orchards, 
mills, art workshops, and so on. In addition, was compiled 
some of the art products, marriage certificate, etc. taxes. 
Jizya tax was taken from monks too. The total amount of 
taxes increased. Heavy taxes bankrupted are not only the 
poor, medium and large feudal lords too. In the middle of 
the VIII century, the Umayyad dynasty was replaced 
Abbasid dynasty. The new tax policy was modified. The 
situation was aggravated of the villagers. The tax began to 
collect, lands and badlands. The population called caliph 
al-Mansur “father of money” according his greed. The tax 
was put in fruit trees. During Harun ar-Rashid (786-809) 
the taxes were more increased. Anyone up to the age of 
fifteen had to pay taxes. 4 million dirham from the southern